Ethical challenges to research in the criminal justice system

Brown, Penelope

doi:10.1002/cbm.2061

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There are numerous obstacles to high-quality empirical research in the CJS, 19 yet despite these challenges, we were able to carry out a methodologically robust study on a large and diverse cohort of criminal defendants. Around half of those invited to take part agreed to be interviewed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mental disorders in defendants at criminal court

et al. 2022

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Background Psychiatric morbidity in prisons and police custody is well established, but little is known about individuals attending criminal court. There is international concern that vulnerable defendants are not identified, undermining their right to a fair trial. Aims To explore the prevalence of a wide range of mental disorders in criminal defendants and estimate the proportion likely to be unfit to plead. Method We employed two-stage screening methodology to estimate the prevalence of mental illness, neurodevelopmental disorders and unfitness to plead, in 3322 criminal defendants in South London. Sampling was stratified according to whether defendants attended court from the community or custody. Face-to-face interviews, using diagnostic instruments and assessments of fitness to plead, were administered (n = 503). Post-stratification probability weighting provided estimates of the overall prevalence of mental disorders and unfitness to plead. Results Mental disorder was more common in those attending court from custody, with 48.5% having at least one psychiatric diagnosis compared with 20.3% from the community. Suicidality was frequently reported (weighted prevalence 71.2%; 95% CI 64.2–77.3). Only 16.7% of participants from custody and 4.6% from the community were referred to the liaison and diversion team; 2.1% (1.1–4.0) of defendants were estimated to be unfit to plead, with a further 3.2% (1.9–5.3) deemed ‘borderline unfit’. Conclusions The prevalence of mental illness and neurodevelopmental disorders in defendants is high. Many are at risk of being unfit to plead and require additional support at court, yet are not identified by existing services. Our evidence challenges policy makers and healthcare providers to ensure that vulnerable defendants are adequately supported at court.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of mental disorders in defendants at criminal court

et al. 2022

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“…Otherwise, secondary sources are collected through a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials Empirical legal research always involves individuals and their inherent attributes; therefore (Burton, 2017) emphasizes that researchers have an obligation to uphold ethics. Confidentiality guarantees become crucial because they can make vulnerable participants (Brown, 2018). In this research, the primary source is not available to the public and tends to be used against them so that individuals and their inherent attributes are disguised.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on the Income Tax Compliance Behavior of Muzaki at Lazismu Sragen

Johan

Prasetyo

2022

JHN

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Introduction toThe Problem: Zakat as a deduction of taxable income has become an issue that has attracted the attention of the public economy. The most obvious thing is that the low realization of zakat collection and tax ratios affect the welfare gap (distribution function) and public services received by the citizens (allocation function). On an extreme scale, non-compliance with zakat and tax may threaten social cohesion and legal authority. Purpose/Objective Study: This study aims to find out how zakat regulation as a deduction of taxable income affects muzaki's behavior to comply or not comply with tax obligations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research design is empirical legal research with qualitative analysis. The primary source builds on focus group discussions (FGDs). Otherwise, secondary sources are collected through a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Findings: Zakat as a deduction of taxable income affects muzaki's behavior to comply with tax obligations. The zakat scheme as a deduction of taxable income greatly influences muzaki's behavior within the level of tax compliance, specifically the level of resistance to tax because the system is considered oppressive, to move up to the level of tax compliance trying to comply but having difficulty understanding tax. This significant change occurs because the Zakat scheme as a deduction of taxable income is able to eliminate the characteristic of "tax is conflicting with zakat" in the level of tax compliance resistance because the system is considered oppressive.

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The Roles of Forensic Psychiatrists and Psychologists: Professional Experts, Service Providers, Therapists, or All Things for All People?

Pham

Taylor

2018

Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology in Europe

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Ethical challenges to research in the criminal justice system

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence of mental disorders in defendants at criminal court

Prevalence of mental disorders in defendants at criminal court

Analysis on the Income Tax Compliance Behavior of Muzaki at Lazismu Sragen

The Roles of Forensic Psychiatrists and Psychologists: Professional Experts, Service Providers, Therapists, or All Things for All People?

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