Ethical concerns with the use of intelligent assistive technology: findings from a qualitative study with professional stakeholders

Wangmo, Tenzin; Lipps, Mirjam; Kressig, Reto W.; Ienca, Marcello

doi:10.1186/s12910-019-0437-z

Cited by 113 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For older individuals with cognitive impairment, challenges of everyday life become more difficult due to problems with memory, thinking, orientation, language, comprehension, action, and judgement. For nearly all, these impairments only become more problematic over time as the disease progresses for the individual as well as their families, formal, and informal caregivers (14,15). While IAT in robotics and devices to support aging in place reduce caregiver burden and provide assistance in memory care continue to be developed, there is some concern for low levels of adoption of these technologies.…”

Section: Challenges Of Inclusiveness and Actively Involving People Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Issues of Intelligent Assistive Technology Use Among People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: A U.S. Perspective

Dahlke

Ory

2020

Front. Public Health

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The increasing number of older adults with cognitive deficits, including dementia, poses a major challenge for public health in the United States. At the same time, the limited number of informal and professional caregivers available to support this rapidly growing population is of mounting concern. Not only does population aging limit the number of potential caregivers, but extant caregivers often lack skills to provide quality care. The integration of intelligent assistive technologies (IAT), including devices, robotics and sensors in many forms, into eldercare, may offer opportunities to reduce caregiver burden and enhance healthcare services while improving the quality of life among older adults with mild to severe cognitive deficits. However, many caregivers and their care recipients lack access to these technologies. The reasons for this reduced access are multifactorial, including the digital divide, sociocultural factors, and technological literacy. This mini review investigates the emerging use of IAT available to caregivers and older adults with cognitive deficits and explores the challenges in socioeconomic status and technological literacy as well as ethical and legal implications that should be considered in the design and development of IAT for older adults with cognitive deficits. Drawing from existing literature, it will suggest frameworks for design and adoption aimed at increased and equitable access for this vulnerable population.

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Section: Challenges Of Inclusiveness and Actively Involving People Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Issues of Intelligent Assistive Technology Use Among People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: A U.S. Perspective

Dahlke

Ory

2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Within the 1540 academic abstracts, the following health-linked terms were mentioned: "health" (254 abstracts), "patient" (167), "therapy" (34), "rehabilitation" (171), "care" (220), "medical" (62), "clinical" (45), "treatment" (33), "disease" (41), "disorder" (44), "healthy" (26), "diagnos*" (36), "mental health" (17), and "healthcare"/"health care" (67).…”

Section: Part 1: Classification Of Disabled People and Focus Of Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning within Academic Literature, Canadian Newspapers, and Twitter Tweets: The Case of Disabled People

Lillywhite

Wolbring

2020

Societies

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) advancements increasingly impact society and AI/ML ethics and governance discourses have emerged. Various countries have established AI/ML strategies. “AI for good” and “AI for social good” are just two discourses that focus on using AI/ML in a positive way. Disabled people are impacted by AI/ML in many ways such as potential therapeutic and non-therapeutic users of AI/ML advanced products and processes and by the changing societal parameters enabled by AI/ML advancements. They are impacted by AI/ML ethics and governance discussions and discussions around the use of AI/ML for good and social good. Using identity, role, and stakeholder theories as our lenses, the aim of our scoping review is to identify and analyze to what extent, and how, AI/ML focused academic literature, Canadian newspapers, and Twitter tweets engage with disabled people. Performing manifest coding of the presence of the terms “AI”, or “artificial intelligence” or “machine learning” in conjunction with the term “patient”, or “disabled people” or “people with disabilities” we found that the term “patient” was used 20 times more than the terms “disabled people” and “people with disabilities” together to identify disabled people within the AI/ML literature covered. As to the downloaded 1540 academic abstracts, 234 full-text Canadian English language newspaper articles and 2879 tweets containing at least one of 58 terms used to depict disabled people (excluding the term patient) and the three AI terms, we found that health was one major focus, that the social good/for good discourse was not mentioned in relation to disabled people, that the tone of AI/ML coverage was mostly techno-optimistic and that disabled people were mostly engaged with in their role of being therapeutic or non-therapeutic users of AI/ML influenced products. Problems with AI/ML were mentioned in relation to the user having a bodily problem, the usability of AI/ML influenced technologies, and problems disabled people face accessing such technologies. Problems caused for disabled people by AI/ML advancements, such as changing occupational landscapes, were not mentioned. Disabled people were not covered as knowledge producers or influencers of AI/ML discourses including AI/ML governance and ethics discourses. Our findings suggest that AI/ML coverage must change, if disabled people are to become meaningful contributors to, and beneficiaries of, discussions around AI/ML.

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“…Despite developers' stated con idence in ML and DL to accurately predict diagnosis and outcomes of medical illnesses, the evidence for their successful implementation in clinical care remains scarce [40], with several concerns being raised: ethical issues of privacy by healthcare service users, professionals sand stakeholders [41,42], equity, security [40], quality of data, lack of data re patients outcomes and cost of care [43], data management and human contact [42]. Divergences emerged in relation to how these ethical issues are interpreted, how con licts between different ethical principles are resolved and what solutions should be implemented to overcome current challenges ( Table 2).…”

Section: Concerns About Ai Use In Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in the healthcare of older people

Makaetova-Ladinska¹,

Harwood²,

Maltby³

2020

Arch Psychiatr Ment Health

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Clinical applications of Artifi cial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare are relatively rare. The high expectations in relation to data analysis infl uencing general healthcare have not materialized, with few exceptions, and then predominantly in the fi eld of rare diseases, oncology and pathology, and interpretation of laboratory results. While electronic health records, introduced over the last decade or so in the UK have increased access to medical and treatment histories of patients, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, laboratory and test results, these have potential for evidence-based tools that providers can use to make decisions about a patient's care, as well as streamline workfl ow. In the following text, we review the advances achieved using machine learning and deep learning technology, as well as robot use and telemedicine in the healthcare of older people. Key points: 1. Artifi cial Intelligence use is extensively explored in prevention, diagnosis, novel drug designs and after-care. 2. AI studies on older adults include a small number of patients and lack reproducibility needed for their wider clinical use in different clinical settings and larger populations. 3. Telemedicine and robot assisted technology are well received by older service users. 4. Ethical concerns need to be resolved prior to wider AI use in routine clinical setting. seem to face a number of barriers in contacting communitybased primary health care, such as limited access, lack of standardized information systems and care pathways [3], all necessary to address their complex health care and social care needs. Indeed, older adults have much higher prevalence of nearly all major chronic and long-term conditions. In addition, they are more likely to succumb to adverse health events, such as a falls or infections, and these can lead to dramatic changes in their physical and mental wellbeing even after an apparently minor incident [4]. However, person and familyfocused care, self-management resources, and successful collaborative practice have been all highlighted as facilitators of good health care provision both by older people and their families [3]. All the above places the importance of diagnosis, monitoring of disease risks and their prevention, as well as management and optimizing of geriatric syndromes in the community for both older people living independenly or in 24h care facilities. In particular, identi ication of health issues/ diagnosis, support/treatment needs evaluation, development

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Ethical concerns with the use of intelligent assistive technology: findings from a qualitative study with professional stakeholders

Cited by 113 publications

References 48 publications

Emerging Issues of Intelligent Assistive Technology Use Among People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: A U.S. Perspective

Emerging Issues of Intelligent Assistive Technology Use Among People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: A U.S. Perspective

Coverage of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning within Academic Literature, Canadian Newspapers, and Twitter Tweets: The Case of Disabled People

Artificial Intelligence in the healthcare of older people

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