Ethical Decision Making: A Review of the Empirical Literature

Ford, Robert C.; Richardson, W. D.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4126-3_2

Cited by 206 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…With regards to gender and corruption, a belief that females are less susceptible to corruption than males is supported by previous findings in business ethics (e.g., Ford and Richardson, 1994) and psychology (e.g., Eagly and Crowley, 1986). According to Hofstede (1997), societies that are characterized as masculine encourage individuals, especially males, to be ambitious, competitive and to strive for material success.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel

Lee

Güven

2013

Journal of Economic Psychology

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Previous empirical work on corruption has generally been cross-country in nature and focused on utilizing country-level corruption ratings. By using micro-level data for over 20 European countries that directly measure individual characteristics, corruption experiences, gender roles, trust and values to examine the determinants of corruption, this paper goes beyond the search for associations between various macro factors and perceptions of corruption that is prevalent in the economic literature. One focus of the paper is on how cultural norms such as gender roles and risk preferences influence corruption and whether there are gender differences in the determinants of corruption. In addition, this paper also seeks to determine if there are contagion effects in corruption at the micro level. Using a seemingly unrelated probit approach, this paper provides empirical estimates of how past experiences with corruption affects both how bribery is viewed and the actual act of offering a bribe. JEL Classification:K420, O170

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Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel

Lee

Güven

2013

Journal of Economic Psychology

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“…This reinforces previous literature that it is important for organisations to clearly articulate the value of integrity and make explicit expected standards of behaviours through a Code of Conduct/Ethics. As suggested by other researchers, the existence of a code of ethics is positively related to ethical decision making and raising awareness of ethical issues (Ford & Richardson, 1994;Loe et al, 2000;O'Fallon & Butterfield, 2005). There is evidence that even if people cannot remember what is in it, just the presence of a code can have an impact on corrupt behaviour (Adams et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Organisational Culture and Workplace Corruption in Government Hospitals

Hechanova

Melgar

Falguera

et al. 2014

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

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T his study examines corruption attitudes and norms in government hospitals in the Philippines. It tests a culture-building model that advocates communication of desired values, leadership role modelling, employee role modelling, alignment of systems and structures, training and evaluation, and reinforcement. Results reveal components that influence corruption attitudes and norms. Communication predicted individual attitudes or acceptability of corrupt acts. Leadership, systems, and controls predicted the prevalence of corrupt acts. Employee role modelling predicted both acceptability of and the prevalence of corrupt acts. In addition, there is a positive relationship between individual attitudes and organisation norms reinforcing the dyadic relationship between the two.

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“…Previous research has consistently shown a significantly positive correlation between Machiavellianism and unethical behavior (see Richardson 1994 andLoe, Ferrell, andMansfield 2000 for review). Sims (1978, 1979) In addition, Machiavellians are more likely to exploit loosely structured elements of situations than others (Christie and Geis 1970;Schepers 2003).…”

Section: Machiavellianismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bad Apples, Bad Barrels, and the Structure of Marketing Channel Relationships: Analyses of the Propensity for Opportunism and Opportunistic Behaviors

Ishida¹

2014

Marketing, Technology and Customer Commitment in the New Economy

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The theoretical frameworks of transaction cost economics and agency theory are widely used to design appropriate governance structure for constraining opportunism within marketing channels. These approaches generally assume that marketing channel managers are opportunistic, and only economic constraints deter opportunism in exchange relationships. However, some empirical studies have shown that managers do not always behave opportunistically even if conditions permit such behavior. In addition, some researchers have proposed a "cycle of self-fulfilling prophecy" and have argued that the uncritical assumption of opportunism and excessive use of control mechanisms such as monitoring only exacerbates the problem. Thus, it is important to identify conditions in which opportunism likely occurs.The present research argues that marketing channel managers exhibit differing propensities for opportunism (PFO), and it spans three levels of analysis to identify contributing factors. The individual-level analysis treats marketing channel managers as a heterogeneous population and investigates the impact of individual traits on their behaviors in business relationships. At the dyadic level, I modify standard microeconomics models to incorporate norms of fairness. Finally, the extra-dyadic level of analysis goes beyond the traditional dyadic focus to include network-wide social influence on a relationship. Using the data collected from 162 unit franchieees. the hypotheses were tested using structural path analyses.The findings of this dissertation provide guidance on the extent to which costly and potentially damaging control mechanisms are really necessary in a given marketing channel relationship. Overall, the research contributes to the existing literature by reexamining a fundamental behavioral assumption about marketing channel managers and providing an alternative framework that can meaningfully inform us as to when and why opportunism occurs.

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Ethical Decision Making: A Review of the Empirical Literature

Cited by 206 publications

References 52 publications

Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel

Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel

Organisational Culture and Workplace Corruption in Government Hospitals

Bad Apples, Bad Barrels, and the Structure of Marketing Channel Relationships: Analyses of the Propensity for Opportunism and Opportunistic Behaviors

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