Ethical questions raised by the first allotransplantations of the face: A survey of French surgeons

Efficacy of three-dimensional visualization in mobile apps for patient education regarding orthognathic surgery

“…This also highlights the fact that, while mobile apps are a useful adjunct to the informed consent process, they cannot substitute for the information delivered by the surgeon. Written consent is mandatory for orthognathic surgery 25 and surgeons are authorized to perform a procedure only with the patient's explicit informed written agreement. 26 Complications, including altered sensation or complete numbness of the lower lip, are commonly reported after lower jaw surgery.…”

The Ethics of Facial Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review

“…In all 148 articles included, nonmaleficence was the most frequent ethical principle addressed (117/148, 79.1%), 1–3,7,10–121 followed by beneficence (116/148, 78.3%), 1–3,5,7,10,13–24,26–29,32–42,44,46,48,49,51–56,58,60,61,63–66,69–84,86,87,89–93,95–137 justice (103/148, 69.6%), 2,3,5,7,11,14,17–22,24–28,30–32,34,35,38,39,41–44,46,48,49,51,52,54,55,57,58,60–64,66–73,75–77,79,82–85,87–92,94,95,97–102,104,105,107–112,114,117,119–121,123,125,129–131,135,138–147 and autonomy (86/148, 58.1%). 1–3,5,7,12…”

Anaplastology in times of facial transplantation: Still a reasonable treatment option?

“…Functional and clinical results may be superior to those of conventional reconstruction techniques Mathes et al, 2014;Fischer et al, 2015). Although these results are certainly encouraging, facial allotransplantation will likely remain limited to selected patients due to the well-known and inherent drawbacks of the method: lack of suitable donors, lifelong immunosuppression and its correlated complications such as organ failure, opportunistic infections and further malignancies, as well as ethical and financial issues (Pirnay et al, 2012;Kiwanuka et al, 2013).…”