Ethics and practice of placebo therapy

Leslie, Alan

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(54)90450-7

Cited by 83 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…dally) and found that with 500 hospital pataents on thas maintenance over two 7-day periods (with 2 weeks' rest between) there was a hlgti incidence of nausea, vomiting, consUpatlon, drowsiness, vertigo, and headache, With 1,000 hospital patients, gwen 9,50 nag of Noludar for night sedataon only, drowsiness, vertigo, and natisea occurred w~th an incidence of only about 1 per cent each. This dose provided sleep wathm 9.9 minutes, and it lasted uninterrupted for 7 ,hours on the average Krause (28) found that 200 mg of :Noln'daa appeared adequate for prolonged medmatmn for mght sedation. The response of patients with mild and severe msomnm was rehable, although this author found that those with nervous dasorders responded[ best.…”

Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical evaluation of methyprylon (noludar®) + as a preanaesthetic sedative hypnotic

Dobkin

Wyant

Dyck

1957

Can. Anaes. Soc. J.

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with clinical assistance of FRAN~r DYCK** MANY psychological factors affect the patient who requires an anaesthetic and an operation. To varying degrees these may influence the response to a curative or palhatlve operation, either to' advantage or to disadvantage (I 1). These factors are of such an intangible nature that the wisest clinician has difficulty when he attempts to measure them either subjectively or objectively (2). The determination of the effect of drugs upon psychological changes induced by a stress situation in a hospital environment multaphes the complexity of the mehsurements (3).It is exceedingly difficult for the elimcal inveshgator to eliminate prejudice and bias, and it is even more difficult to formulate reliable and vahd objective and subjechve means fo" determining the value of procedures designed to influence favourably the psychological and physiological ~esponse of a patient to operation (4, 5). A few investigators have recently tackled "this problem in a way which is unique in clinical medicine (6,7, 8,9,10). They used combinations of sedative-hypnotic drugs and placebos in double blind studies. The results, of such studies have provided us with lughly revealing information. Herring (11) has studied this problem on a a even wider base. Iu evaluating the effects of premedlcant drugs he has referred to the psychological factors as "predictor'" variables and to the factors representing the surgical response as "criterion'" variables He divided the predictor variables into two categories: first, those measuring personality varlable,~ which may be elicited from patients prior to an operation, and second, the judgments made by psychologists using these measurements m an effort to predict responses during the operation. The criterion variables are also dwlded into two categories: first; the physiological response related to the operation (as determlned by blood pressure, heart rate, tadal volume), the second, the judgments made on the basis of these factors by climelans as to the patient's over-all stablhty. The predictor variables were categorized under nine different workin~ variables, namely, anxiety or fear, lack of asserBveness, depression, insta91hty or maladjustment, intellectual rigidity, high intelhgence, introversion, primitive thinking and idiosyncratic stress reaction. It was stated that for patients showing any of the first elgl~at factors unfavourable reactions on the physiological record (!kept by the anaesthetist) would be presumed. Even with strict selectwe contro'l as to the age, the sex, a normal cardiovascular system, tflae anaesthetic technique, and the operative procedures in a group of 25 patients, Herring found the problem of predicting

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Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 97%

Clinical evaluation of methyprylon (noludar®) + as a preanaesthetic sedative hypnotic

Dobkin

Wyant

Dyck

1957

Can. Anaes. Soc. J.

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“…A legrégebben a gyógyszerek színének szerepével foglalkoznak Lasagna et al, 1958;Leslie 1954 , bár ezek a korai közlemények inkább vélekedéseken, mint adatokon alapultak. Viszonylag korán kiderült azonban, hogy a betegeknek valóban vannak elvárásaik a színekkel kapcsolatban Blackwell et al, 1972, Buckalew and Ross, 1991, Schapira et al, 1970 .…”

Section: A 'Teljes Gyógyszerhatás' Elemei Színek Formák Betegtájékunclassified

A miliőtan története

Csorba¹

2016

Kaleidoscope history

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“…To avoid these variables we used healthy volunteers and kept volunteer/physician interaction to a minimum. As some authors (Bernheim, 1910;Leslie, 1954) mention suggestion as a possible mechanism in the placebo response, we attempted to clarify its role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of personality factors and suggestion in placebo effect during mental stress test.

McCann

Goldfarb

Frisk

et al. 1992

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The aims of this study were first of all to document a placebo effect on systolic blood pressure and heart rate during mental arithmetic induced stress and secondly to assess the role of suggestion in producing this effect. Two types of placebo were used, a simple placebo and a placebo with an implied therapeutic action. Both were compared with alprazolam. A placebo response was seen in just over half of the volunteers when the cardiovascular changes to mental arithmetic induced stress in healthy volunteers were measured. This response appeared to be unaffected by the suggested therapeutic effect. Dominant, independent subjects, identified using the Cattell 16 PF personality test were less likely to respond to placebo. Alprazolam (0.5 mg) did not prevent, to a significantly greater degree than placebo, the systolic blood pressure or heart rate increases provoked by the mental stress.

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Ethics and practice of placebo therapy

Cited by 83 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical evaluation of methyprylon (noludar®) + as a preanaesthetic sedative hypnotic

Clinical evaluation of methyprylon (noludar®) + as a preanaesthetic sedative hypnotic

A miliőtan története

The role of personality factors and suggestion in placebo effect during mental stress test.

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