Ethics and the Logic of Decision

Jeffrey, Richard C.

doi:10.2307/2023748

Cited by 132 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…In these cases, whenever there are no possible models that satisfy a statement or a theory, instead of assigning to it the maximum quantity of information, three strategies have been suggested: 1) assigning to all inconsistent cases the same, infinite information value (Lozinskii [1994]). This is in line with an economic approach, which defines x as impossible if and only if that x has an infinite price; 4 2) eliminating all inconsistent cases a priori from consideration, as impossible outcomes in decision-making (Jeffrey [1990]). This is in line with the syntactic approach developed by the statistical theory of signals transmission 5 (STST, more on this in a moment);…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Outline of a theory of strongly semantic information

Floridi¹

2011

The Philosophy of Information

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This paper outlines a quantitative theory of strongly semantic information (TSSI) based on truth-values rather than probability distributions. The main hypothesis supported in the paper is that (i) the classic quantitative theory of weakly semantic information (TWSI) is based on probability distributions because (ii) it assumes that truth-values supervene on information, yet (iii) this principle is too weak and generates a well-known semantic paradox, whereas (iv) TSSI, according t o which information encapsulates truth, can avoid the paradox and is more in line with the standard conception of what counts as information. After a brief introduction, section two outlines the semantic paradox entailed by TWSI, analysing it in terms of an initial conflict between two requisites of a quantitative theory of semantic information. In section three, three criteria of information equivalence are used to provide a taxonomy of quantitative approaches to semantic information and introduce TSSI. In section four, some further desiderata that should be fulfilled by a quantitative TSSI are explained. From section five to section seven, TSSI is developed on the basis of a calculus of truth-values and semantic discrepancy with respect to a given situation. In section eight, it is shown how TSSI succeeds in solving the paradox. Section nine summarises the main results of the paper and indicates some future developments.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Outline of a theory of strongly semantic information

Floridi¹

2011

The Philosophy of Information

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“…The standard Bayesian method for taking into account a probability shift that is not a shift to zero or one is Jeffrey conditionalization (Jeffrey 1983). 8…”

Section: Confirming and Disconfirming Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Bayesian Treatment of Auxiliary Hypotheses

Strevens¹

2001

The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science

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“…These constraints rule out the possibility of assigning each hypothesis an equal probability, because the sum of an infinite number of finite quantities, however small, will be infinite and hence not equal to 1 (the problems associated with such "improper" priors have been extensively discussed in the philosophy of science and the foundations of statistics; e.g., Carnap, 1952;Jeffrey, 1983;and Keynes, 1921 ). Therefore, an uneven distribution of prior probabilities is required.…”

Section: Likelihood and Prior Probabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling simplicity and likelihood principles in perceptual organization.

Chater¹

1996

Psychological Review

197

191

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Two principles of perceptual organization have been proposed. The likelihood principle, following H. L. F. von Helmholtz (1910 /1962), proposes that perceptual organization is chosen to correspond to the most likely distal layout. The simplicity principle, following Gestalt psychology, suggests that perceptual organization is chosen to be as simple as possible. The debate between these two views has been a central topic in the study of perceptual organization. Drawing on mathematical results in A. N. Kolmogorov's (1965) complexity theory, the author argues that simplicity and likelihood are not in competition, but are identical. Various implications for the theory of perceptual organization and psychology more generally are outlined.

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Ethics and the Logic of Decision

Cited by 132 publications

References 0 publications

Outline of a theory of strongly semantic information

Outline of a theory of strongly semantic information

The Bayesian Treatment of Auxiliary Hypotheses

Reconciling simplicity and likelihood principles in perceptual organization.

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