Ethics, Safety, and Autonomous Vehicles

Koopman, Philip; Kuipers, Benjamin; Widen, William H.; Wolf, Marilyn

doi:10.1109/mc.2021.3108035

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A small sample of recent technical and computing publications gives a further sense of this large literature including admonitions related to: The need to emphasize justice‐centered pedagogy in computing education and computing practice (Vakil & Higgs, 2019) Greater cooperation between technical experts and governmental regulators to craft better, more fruitful regulations of technologies (Marsden, 2018; Reed, 2013) How engineers have special obligations to join conversations about technological determinism and technological effects beyond designers' intentions, including assuming the role of the “engineer as counselor to the public” (Newport, 2020; Wenk, 1996). For a more general discussion of technological determinism, see David Nye's (2006) Technology Matters , especially Chapter 2. The need for software engineering codes of practice to reflect the ethical elements of software design (Ozkaya, 2020) Demands for deepened understanding of the anti‐competitive nature of the terms of many online platforms' contracts (Hemphill, 2020) The imperative to educate future generations of public policy, law, and science and technology leaders in identifying and addressing pressing social and institutional problems (not just those technologically based) through interdisciplinary public policy entrepreneurship (Noveck, 2019) The examination of how deploying autonomous vehicles demands engagement of ethical concerns (Koopman et al, 2022). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The need for software engineering codes of practice to reflect the ethical elements of software design (Ozkaya, 2020) • Demands for deepened understanding of the anticompetitive nature of the terms of many online platforms' contracts (Hemphill, 2020) • The imperative to educate future generations of public policy, law, and science and technology leaders in identifying and addressing pressing social and institutional problems (not just those technologically based) through interdisciplinary public policy entrepreneurship (Noveck, 2019) • The examination of how deploying autonomous vehicles demands engagement of ethical concerns (Koopman et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does technology really outpace policy, and does it matter? A primer for technical experts and others

Aspray

Doty

2023

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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This paper reconsiders the outpacing argument, the belief that changes in law and other means of regulation cannot keep pace with recent changes in technology. We focus on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in and of themselves as well as applied in computer science, telecommunications, health, finance, and other applications, but our argument applies also in rapidly developing technological fields such as environmental science, materials science, and genetic engineering. First, we discuss why the outpacing argument is so closely associated with information and computing technologies. We then outline 12 arguments that support the outpacing argument, by pointing to some particular weaknesses of policy making, using the United States as the primary example. Then arguing in the opposite direction, we present 4 brief and 3 more extended criticisms of the outpacing thesis. The paper's final section responds to calls within the technical community for greater engagement of policy and ethical concerns and reviews the paper's major arguments. While the paper focuses on ICTs and policy making in the United States, our critique of the outpacing argument and our exploration of its complex character are of utility to actors in other political contexts and in other technical fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does technology really outpace policy, and does it matter? A primer for technical experts and others

Aspray

Doty

2023

Asso for Info Science & Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The typical approach employed in the process of safety analysis of autonomous safety-critical systems relies on the identification of the causes of the system's potential risks and uncertainties (Tauber and Schmittner, 2018). Then, based on the analysis of these risks and uncertainties, measures to minimize the critical system's failure chances are implemented (Koopman et al, 2021). In this context, this section discusses the role of Digital Twins (DT) in connection to the process of assuring safety and building trust in autonomous safety-critical systems.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twins for Trust Building in Autonomous Drones through Dynamic Safety Evaluation

Iqbal¹,

Bühnová²,

Cioroaica³

2023

Preprint

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The adoption process of innovative software-intensive technologies leverages complex trust concerns in different forms and shapes. Perceived safety plays a fundamental role in technology adoption, being especially crucial in the case of those innovative software-driven technologies characterized by a high degree of dynamism and unpredictability, like collaborating autonomous systems. These systems need to synchronize their maneuvers in order to collaboratively engage in reactions to unpredictable incoming hazardous situations. That is however only possible in the presence of mutual trust. In this paper, we propose an approach for machineto-machine dynamic trust assessment for collaborating autonomous systems that supports trust-building based on the concept of dynamic safety assurance within the collaborative process among the software-intensive autonomous systems. In our approach, we leverage the concept of digital twins which are abstract models fed with real-time data used in the run-time dynamic exchange of information. The information exchange is performed through the execution of specialized models that embed the necessary safety properties. More particularly, we examine the possible role of the Digital Twins in machine-to-machine trust building and present their design in supporting dynamic trust assessment of autonomous drones. Ultimately, we present a proof of concept of direct and indirect trust assessment by employing the Digital Twin in a use case involving two autonomous collaborating drones.

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Ethical Dilemmas in Autonomous Driving: Philosophical, Social, and Public Policy Implications

Saber,

Kostidis,

Politis

2024

Wireless Networks

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Ethics, Safety, and Autonomous Vehicles

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Does technology really outpace policy, and does it matter? A primer for technical experts and others

Does technology really outpace policy, and does it matter? A primer for technical experts and others

Digital Twins for Trust Building in Autonomous Drones through Dynamic Safety Evaluation

Ethical Dilemmas in Autonomous Driving: Philosophical, Social, and Public Policy Implications

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