Ethnic Density Effects on Physical Morbidity, Mortality, and Health Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Bécares, Laia; Shaw, RJ; Nazroo, James; Stafford, Mai; Albor, Christo; Atkin, Karl; Kiernan, Kathleen; Wilkinson, Richard G.; Pickett, Kate E.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300832

Cited by 173 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Whilst some offer a preferences perspective, arguing that ethnic minorities prefer to live close to their own ethnic group and therefore select minority concentration neighbourhoods (Bolt et al, 2008;Phillips, 2007), a particular focus has been paid to the 'protective' effect of ethnic clustering against racism and discrimination. Fear or experience of racism has been viewed as an influence on mobility patterns (Boschman and van Ham, 2015;Becares et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Importance Of Place and Place-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant place-making in super-diverse neighbourhoods: Moving beyond ethno-national approaches

Pemberton

Phillimore

2016

Urban Studies

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Whilst attention has previously focused on the importance of monolithic ethnic identities on migrant place-making less attention has been paid to how placemaking proceeds in super-diverse urban neighbourhoods where no single ethnic group predominates. This paper makes an original contribution by identifying the factors that shape migrants affinity with, or alienation from, super-diverse neighbourhoods.Through using and critiquing an analytical framework developed by Gill (2010) that identifies 'ideal' and 'pathological' place-making strategies, the paper contrasts two super-diverse neighbourhoods in the UK with different histories of diversity. We show how 'ideal' migrant place-making is more likely to occur where there is a common neighbourhood identity based around diversity, difference and / or newness, and where those with 'visible' differences can blend in. In contrast, 'pathologies' are more likely where the on-going churn of newcomers, coupled with the speed and recency of change, undermine migrant's affinity with place and where the diversity of the neighbourhoodis not yet embedded. Even where neighbourhood identity based on diversity is established, it may alienate less visible migrants and culminate in a new form of (minority) white flight.Keywords -Super-diversity; neighbourhood; migrant place-making 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 This paper contributes new knowledge about the ways in which migrant place-making proceeds in super-diverse areas. It highlights how multiple aspects of super-diversity and the visibility of individuals can be equally important as ethno-national identity in shaping attachment and affinity to the neighbourhood. In so doing, it moves beyond existing analyses of migrant place-making that focus on single ethnic groups. IntroductionThe paper identifies experiences of place-making in two different areas: one with a long history of diversity and another more recently diversifying. It extends existing knowledge to long-standing interests on the influences shaping place-making in the United States (U.S.) and Western Europe (see Amith, 2005; Juan, 2005;Fortier, 2000;Ryan et al., 2008).Migrant place-making has been recognised as a way for migrants to forge and assert a collective identity amongst host populations, and particularly when faced with issues of discrimination (Castles and Davidson 2009;Gill, 2010). In addition, place-making amongst migrant populations can be understood as a mechanism -both physically and conceptually -to establish the validity and aspirations of a new community (Gill 2010).However, place-making can be both constructive and destructive. It can provide the opportunity for migrants to retain a national identity in their destination countries, lead to conflict and issues of exclusion, alienation, resistance and can become a catalyst for racism (Amith, 200...

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Section: The Importance Of Place and Place-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant place-making in super-diverse neighbourhoods: Moving beyond ethno-national approaches

Pemberton

Phillimore

2016

Urban Studies

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“…Geography is also an important correlate of physical environment; population density is associated with higher rates of homicides and motor vehicle crashes; disadvantaged children in urban areas are more likely to live near industrialized zones with high concentrations of polluted air and water, whereas those in rural areas may have more exposure to pesticides. [63][64][65] Table 2 describes factors in the physical environment related to child mortality.…”

Section: B Factors In the Physical Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding why children die in high-income countries

et al. 2014

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Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-forprofit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. AbstractThrough a structured narrative review of the literature, we have identified a wide range of factors influencing child and adolescent mortality in high income countries. These can be conceptualised within the four domains of intrinsic factors, the physical environment, the social environment, and service delivery factors. The most prominent factors in the literature are socio-economic gradients, although the mechanisms through which these gradients exert their effects are complex, affecting all four domains, and often poorly understood. While some factors are relatively fixed, including the child's gender, age, ethnicity and inherent genetic make-up, some parental characteristics, and some wider 3 environmental conditions, others may be amenable to interventions that could lessen risks and help to prevent future child deaths. A number of examples of systemic health service factors that may impact child survival are given, along with interventions such as modifications to the physical or social environmental that may impact more distal factors.

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“…Rigorous inquiry into these explanations requires consideration of the possible impact of both individual-level characteristics and characteristics of the geographic areas in which minority ethnic groups reside (Ruel et al, 2010;Mellerson, et al, 2010;Lisabeth et al, 2010;Robinson et al, 2009). One such areal characteristic that has been argued to influence obesity outcomes is the racial and ethnic composition of the residential community, which is often referred to as the group, or ethnic, density effect (Halpern, 1993;Halpern and Nazroo, 1999;Bécares et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%