Ethnic Difference of Disease Prevalence in Rural China: Examples and Explanations

Guan, Ming

doi:10.4236/health.2015.74052

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Du and Keys (2015) further explained that there is not much known about the effects of dietary habits on these growing lifestyle-related conditions in China, where the dietary patterns differ greatly from those of Western populations. Guan (2015) observed that there is a high prevalence of diseases among the ethnic minority groups in rural China due to several factors among them social customs, culture, food consumption, and genetic backgrounds. Guan (2015) and Ahmed (2016) further added that the socioeconomic status of the rural ethnic groups is a major contributing factor to the health disparity between the Chinese minority ethnic groups and the majority Chinese Hans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guan (2015) observed that there is a high prevalence of diseases among the ethnic minority groups in rural China due to several factors among them social customs, culture, food consumption, and genetic backgrounds. Guan (2015) and Ahmed (2016) further added that the socioeconomic status of the rural ethnic groups is a major contributing factor to the health disparity between the Chinese minority ethnic groups and the majority Chinese Hans. Research by Fu, Wang, and Wang (2005) reported differences in food consumption patterns and nutrient intake were also found in groups divided in line with their gender, residence, and household income.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Ethnicity and Dietary Behaviors in Chinese Han and Hui Nationalities

Halawa

2017

J Ethn Cult Stud

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This cross-sectional study examined the association between sociodemographic characteristics, ethnocultural identity, dietary habits, and related health behaviors of the Chinese Han and Hui populations. Participants in the study were 662 male and female adults randomly selected from four Chinese cities in three provinces. A modified 23-question self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from the respondents pertaining to their ethnic group affirmation, demographic characteristics, dietary habits, food consumption patterns, and related health practices. A t-test was conducted to determine interactions between the parametric variables and Chi-square analyses were conducted to determine interactions between the nonparametric variables. Hans were more likely to have a higher level of education than Huis, Hans were more likely to drink water frequently vs. all other non-water drinks than Huis, both Hans and Huis were more likely to consume their last meal of the day between 17:00-24:00 PM, Huis were more likely to shop for fruits frequently, eat breakfast regularly, cook healthy food (all the time), and bake food more and fry it less frequently, married couples were more likely consume breakfast and shop for fruits more regularly than their single counterparts who were more likely to be have a higher level of education. The level of education does not appear to translate into adopting a healthier dietary behavior such consuming daily breakfast on a regular basis by the more educated single respondents. There is a need to develop both short-term and long-term strategies aimed at further improving the dietary habits and related health practices of both ethnic groups. However, there is a need for the Hans to focus more on improving 6 out of the 8 dietary factors such as consuming regular daily breakfast, and for the Huis to focus more on improving the level of education and 3 out of the 8 dietary factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Ethnicity and Dietary Behaviors in Chinese Han and Hui Nationalities

Halawa

2017

J Ethn Cult Stud

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Cervical neoplastic lesions in relation to CD4 T‐lymphocyte counts and antiretroviral therapy among women with clinical stage 1 HIV in Yunnan, China

Zhang

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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China lacks data demonstrating associations of cervical neoplastic lesions with CD4 T‐lymphocyte (CD4 cell) counts and antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV‐infected women, suggesting relevant investigations are needed. A total of 545 HIV‐infected women were enrolled in Yunnan, China, between 2011 and 2013. CD4 cell counts and ART were measured via medical records and cervical neoplastic lesions were measured by professional pathologists. Multivariable logistic models, which treated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1+ and CIN2+ as outcomes, calculated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of CD4 cell counts and ART. Subgroup analysis treating CIN1+ as the outcome was conducted by HIV infection duration (<4 vs ≥4 years), ethnicity (Han vs non‐Han), and study site (Mangshi vs Kunming). The prevalence of CIN1+ and CIN2+ was 17.4% and 7.3%, respectively. Overall, 243 (44.6%) women had CD4 cell counts ≥500 cell/μL, 187 (34.3%) used ART for less than 2 years, and 236 (43.3%) used ART for at least 2 years. We found inverse associations of CIN1+ with CD4 cell counts (≥500 compared to <500 cells/μL: aOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27‐0.79) and ART use (<2 years: aOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21‐0.87; ≥2 years: aOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.27‐1.10). Point estimates did not change substantially for CIN2+ but aORs of ART became nonsignificant. No significant interaction was observed for HIV infection duration. We found significant interaction between CD4 cell counts and ethnicity and study site in relation to CIN1+. Our study suggests potential protective effects of high CD4 cell counts against cervical neoplastic lesions among HIV‐infected women, whereas associations of ART are less consistent.

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Analysis of the health effects of the transition of traditional Chinese food on the emergence of nontraditional eating behaviors

Halawa

2021

J. Ethn. Food

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Background Traditional Chinese food has been believed to be closely associated with affecting salubrious health outcomes, enhancing longevity, and interoperating with traditional Chinese medicine. Over the past several decades, traditional Chinese food has been going through significant evolution and qualitative transition of nontraditional eating behaviors. This food transition and eating pattern transformation are propelled by China’s vast population size, rapid socioeconomic development, lifestyle changes, and global influence. Inevitably, these dietary shifts are having a considerable impact not only on public health in China but also globally. Purpose The purpose of the present study is to examine the socioeconomic and health effects of the shift from consuming traditional Chinese food into increasingly consuming Western-style processed foods, fast foods, saturated fats, snacks, sugary beverages, and eating out more often than the traditional home cooking. This study also investigates the prevalence, health effects, and sociodemographic implications of food transition and adopting Western-style eating patterns. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of primary data collected from 1292 adult male and female participants was performed. Participants responded to a cross-sectional self-administered paper-and-pencil-based food history and beverage intake questionnaire. Chi-square analyses were employed to analyze data obtained from the nonparametric variables, whereas t tests were performed to analyze data obtained from the parametric variables. Results There were significant differences in snack food shopping distributions between gender and marital status factors. Females were more likely to purchase more snacks than males, whereas singles were more likely to purchase more snacks than married. Pooled data suggest that 79.67% of the respondents consumed fast food with wide-ranging frequencies. There were significant differences between water and all other typical drinks, as water recorded the highest consumption rate by 65.31%. There were significant differences between the three meal-eating locations, as 48.45% of the respondents were more likely to consume most of their daily meals at home, whereas, combined, 51.55% were more likely to consume most of their daily meals out-of-home. Baking food scored 77.94% compared with all other food preparation methods. Overall healthy eating behaviors results indicated that 49.67% of the respondents consumed a healthy diet most of the time, whereas combined, 50.33% either consumed a healthy diet sometimes or not at all. Conclusions Traditional Chinese eating practices have been transitioning into nontraditional eating behaviors that may be associated with a multitude of chronic non-communicable diseases and high mortality rates. As these rates have been projected to continue rising, there is a need to focus on introducing public health promotion policies, including health education and lifestyle-enhancing initiatives aimed at promoting nutritive balance and adopting healthier eating behaviors. These policies can be tailored to support the most affected groups among the lower- and middle-income Chinese, as well as similar populations in developing countries.

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Ethnic Difference of Disease Prevalence in Rural China: Examples and Explanations

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Association Between Ethnicity and Dietary Behaviors in Chinese Han and Hui Nationalities

Association Between Ethnicity and Dietary Behaviors in Chinese Han and Hui Nationalities

Cervical neoplastic lesions in relation to CD4 T‐lymphocyte counts and antiretroviral therapy among women with clinical stage 1 HIV in Yunnan, China

Analysis of the health effects of the transition of traditional Chinese food on the emergence of nontraditional eating behaviors

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