Ethnic Differences in and Childhood Influences on Early Adult Pulse Wave Velocity

Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Can arterial wave augmentation in young adults help account for variability of cardiovascular risk in different British ethnic groups?

“…As we previously reported [ 24 ], unadjusted PWVs in Black Caribbean and White UK young men were similar (mean + SD 7.9 + 0.3 vs. 7.6 + 0.4 m/s) and lower in other groups at similar SBPs (120 mmHg) and BMIs (24.6 kg/m 2 ). Furthermore, in fully adjusted models all ethnic minorities had lower (or similar) values of PWV compared with White UK young people.…”

“…As previously described in DASH [ 24 ], SBP became higher in men than women at 14–16 years and there was a marked increase in this sex difference at 21–23 years with mean SBP hardly changing in women. However, at the age of 11–13 years, SBP was similar between Black African, Black Caribbean, and White UK and lower for Pakistani/Bangladeshi and Indian ( P < 0.005), with no ethnic differences for DBP, suggesting that growth acceleration maybe a critical period in which a ‘delayed maturation’ of the cardiovascular system may, potentially, be a risk factor for development of CVD.…”

“…Furthermore, in fully adjusted models all ethnic minorities had lower (or similar) values of PWV compared with White UK young people. Two physical activity measures (number of steps/day and time walking >10 000 steps/day), were also negatively associated with PWV [ 24 ].…”

“…In our multi ethnic cohort living in the London area, PWV was similar or lower in ethnic minorities compared with White UK [ 24 ], whereas AIx was significantly higher in Indian and Bangladeshi/Pakistani than White UK even after adjustment for confounding factors (sex, heart rate, height, and cSBP, – Table 2 ). These results may suggest that the parameter of wave reflection, particularly in young South Asian individuals, could indicate important ethnic differences in central hemodynamics, which cannot be fully assessed with conventional sphygmomanometry.…”

An Issue of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Depending on Ethnicity and Target Organ Damage

“…Длительное британское исследование с участием молодых лиц продемонстрировало более высокую СРПВ у чернокожих карибских и белых, чем у африканских и южноазиатских мужчин, тогда как чернокожие женщины карибские, африканские и южноазиатские имели более низкие СРПВ, чем белые. Причем более высокая жесткость была неодинаково связана с этническим происхождением, ИМТ, объемом талии, низкой физической активностью между представителями разных национальностей [39]. По другим данным [24,25] бóльшая толщина комплекса интима/медиа сонных артерий наблюдалась у британских чернокожих детей афро-карибского происхождения по сравнению с белыми, а у детей азиатского происхождения она примерно соответствовала белым.…”