Ethnic Differences in Arterial Responses and Inflammatory Markers in Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian Subjects

Kalra, Lalit; Rambaran, Curtis; Chowienczyk, Phil; Goss, David; Hambleton, Ian; Ritter, James M.; Shah, Ajay M.; Wilks, Rainford; Forrester, Terrence

doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000183887.76087.6a

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…19 Endothelial function in healthy blacks is attenuated relative to healthy whites. 24 In the current study, highest homocysteine levels were found in SVD patients who also had confluent leukoaraiosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…22,23 Attenuated endothelial function has been reported in healthy stroke-free black volunteers, relative to whites. 24 Homocysteine has been identified as a risk factor for ischemic stroke in whites but not black Americans in a prospective study where stroke subtyping was not performed. 25 Whether elevated homocysteine is particularly associated with the SVD subtype in black populations is uncertain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Homocysteine and Its Relationship to Stroke Subtypes in a UK Black Population

Crossley

Kalra

Rudd

et al. 2008

Stroke

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Purpose-Homocysteine is an endothelial toxin and elevated levels have been associated with stroke risk.Stroke, particularly the small vessel disease (SVD) subtype, is increased in U.S. and UK black populations. In white populations elevated homocysteine has been associated with SVD, especially confluent leukoaraiosis, and may be acting through endothelial dysfunction. We determined the association between homocysteine and stroke subtypes, especially SVD, in a well-phenotyped UK cohort of black stroke patients compared to community controls. Methods-Homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate levels, and renal function were measured in 457 black stroke patients recruited consecutively through the prospective South London Ethnicity and Stroke Study and 179 black community controls. All patients were subtyped using modified TOAST criteria. Leukoaraiosis in SVD patients was graded according to severity, and patients were additionally categorized on the basis of presence or absence of confluent leukoaraiosis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results-The highest homocysteine levels were seen in SVD patients compared to controls (16.2 [11.6]

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homocysteine and Its Relationship to Stroke Subtypes in a UK Black Population

Crossley

Kalra

Rudd

et al. 2008

Stroke

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A genetic basis of the latter has been suggested, 9 and impaired endothelial function has been reported in black individuals without stroke. 24 The differing distribution in atherosclerotic disease between the 2 populations was striking. Consistent with some but not all previous studies, we found that large artery disease was almost twice as common among white as black individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Stroke Subtypes Between Black and White Patients With Stroke

et al. 2007

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Determining whether the distribution of stroke subtypes differs between ethnic groups is important in understanding the mechanisms of the increased stroke incidence in black patients. Methods and Results-In this study, 600 black and 600 white patients with stroke were prospectively and consecutively recruited to determine differences in stroke subtypes. The pathophysiological Trial of Org 10172 (TOAST) classification was used and compared with a clinical (Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project) subtype classification. Stroke subtypes were determined by one investigator by review of original imaging. Black patients with stroke were significantly younger and had higher prevalences of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. They were less likely to be smokers and had lower prevalences of myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. In the black patients, 33% of stroke was due to cerebral small vessel disease compared with 14% in the white stroke cohort (odds ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.97 to 4.39; PϽ0.001, controlling for age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, and social class). The black stroke cohort had less large vessel atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.29 to 0.82; Pϭ0.007) and cardioembolic disease (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.80; Pϭ0.002). Using a classification based on clinical syndrome alone gave a higher estimate of the frequency of small vessel disease stroke, particularly in white patients. Conclusions-A relative excess of small vessel disease was observed in black patients with stroke compared with an excess of extracranial atherosclerosis and cardioembolic stroke in white patients with stroke that was independent of conventional risk factors and social class. Whether these excesses are due to differences in genetic susceptibility or as-yet undetermined differences in environmental risk remains to be determined.

show abstract

“…For example, African-Caribbean individuals have accelerated arterial aging, increased aortic stiffness and greater carotid intima thickness when compared with European and Asian populations. [113][114][115] This indicates the likely presence of genetic loci controlling multiple aspects of vessel aging. Similarly, age-related artery stiffness is more pronounced in women and is independent of the menopause, reflecting intrinsic differences in arterial properties between sexes.…”

Section: Systemic Causesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aging and Atherosclerosis

Wang

Bennett

2012

Circulation Research

745

323

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atherosclerosis is classed as a disease of aging, such that increasing age is an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is also associated with premature biological aging, as atherosclerotic plaques show evidence of cellular senescence characterized by reduced cell proliferation, irreversible growth arrest and apoptosis, elevated DNA damage, epigenetic modifications, and telomere shortening and dysfunction. Not only is cellular senescence associated with atherosclerosis, there is growing evidence that cellular senescence promotes atherosclerosis. This review examines the pathology of normal vascular aging, the evidence for cellular senescence in atherosclerosis, the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence including reactive oxygen species, replication exhaustion and DNA damage, the functional consequences of vascular cell senescence, and the possibility that preventing accelerated cellular senescence is a therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.

show abstract

Ethnic Differences in Arterial Responses and Inflammatory Markers in Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian Subjects

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Homocysteine and Its Relationship to Stroke Subtypes in a UK Black Population

Homocysteine and Its Relationship to Stroke Subtypes in a UK Black Population

Differences in Stroke Subtypes Between Black and White Patients With Stroke

Aging and Atherosclerosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About