Ethnic Differences in Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) Scores: Where You Live Makes a Difference

Espino, David V.; Lichtenstein, Michael J.; Palmer, Raymond F.; Hazuda, Helen P.

doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49111.x

Cited by 147 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Cognitive assessment scales generally do not distinguish among causes of dementia but are very useful for clinical and public health purposes. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a quantitative indicator of cognitive function widely used clinically and epidemiologically, and has been consistently validated as a good indicator of a person's mental capacity for everyday activities, both internationally (11)(12)(13)(14) and in Greece (15) . Since cognitive impairment has a complex relationship with depression in the elderly, assessment of affective state usually accompanies cognitive status assessment, using scales such as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Ψαλτοπούλου

Kyrozis

Stathopoulos

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

154

112

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Ψαλτοπούλου

Kyrozis

Stathopoulos

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

154

112

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“…More intense closing stages of decline in cognition tend to be defined as dementia but decline in the non-demented population has also been shown repeatedly with some cognitive functions more affected than others. Although cognitive decline is known to increase with age 1,2 , low-education levels 1,3,4 and inconsistently associated with gender 2,3,4,5,6 , in crosssectional studies, measurement of trajectories and production of these trajectories are much less certain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of cognitive decline over 10 years in a Brazilian elderly population: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

Castro-Costa¹,

Dewey

Uchôa

et al. 2011

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…Cognitive impairment was assessed by using a six-item screener derived from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (18). The MMSE is validated in Spanish and among Mexican Americans (19), and we employed the six-item screener in previous trials with low-income Latino patients in primary care (20). Suicidal ideation was assessed by using a protocol based on the PHQ-9 and standard clinical interviews.…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telephone-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Latino Patients Living in Rural Areas: A Randomized Pilot Study

Dwight-Johnson¹,

Aisenberg²,

Golinelli³

et al. 2011

Psychiatric Services

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Objective-This pilot study tested the effectiveness of culturally tailored, telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for improving depression outcomes among Latino primary care patients living in rural settings.Methods-A total of 101 Latino patients at a rural family medical center who met criteria for probable major depression were randomly assigned to enhanced usual care or eight sessions of CBT delivered by phone by trained bilingual therapists from the community. Blinded study assistants assessed depression symptom severity, using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL) depression items and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and patient satisfaction after six weeks, three months, and six months. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate intervention effects over time. For cross-sectional analyses, attrition weights were used to account for missing data.Results-In intent-to-treat analyses, patients who received CBT by phone were more likely to experience improvement in depression scores over the six-month follow-up period compared with patients who received enhanced usual care (β=−.41, t=−2.36, df=219, p=.018, for the SCL; and β= −3.51, t= −2.49, df=221, p=.013, for the PHQ-9). A greater proportion of patients in the CBT group than in the group that received enhanced usual care achieved treatment response at three months (p=.017), as indicated by a 50% improvement in SCL depression score or a score <.75, and reported high satisfaction with treatment (p=.013).Data from the study were presented at the Society for Behavioral Medicine annual meeting, Seattle, April 7-10, 2010. DisclosuresThe authors report no competing interests. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptConclusions-Although limited by small sample size, pilot results suggest culturally tailored, telephone-based CBT has the potential to enhance access to psychotherapy in an underserved Latino population with little access to mental health services.Despite similar need for depression care across ethnic groups, Latinos have lower rates and quality of treatment, resulting in a greater burden of disability from depression (1,2). Among Latinos, Mexican Americans, immigrants, non-English speakers, and men are particularly unlikely to receive depression care (1,3,4). Because Mexican Americans account for twothirds of the Latino population in the United States, addressing disparities in depression care among this group is of key public health import (1,5).When they do receive depression care, Latinos are most likely to prefer psychotherapy (1,6); however, psychotherapy is rarely available in primary care, and few Latinos, especially those who are immigrants or from low-income groups, have access to specialty mental health care (7). Culturally tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown effective for treating depression among low-income Latinos; however, many have difficulty adhering to psychotherapy because of multiple competing demands (8). Latinos living in rural areas face a...

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Ethnic Differences in Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) Scores: Where You Live Makes a Difference

Cited by 147 publications

References 35 publications

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC–Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Trajectories of cognitive decline over 10 years in a Brazilian elderly population: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

Telephone-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Latino Patients Living in Rural Areas: A Randomized Pilot Study

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