Ethnic Differences in Patterns of Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Adolescents in Israel

Noach, Michal Ben; Steinberg, David M.; Rier, David A.; Goldsmith, Rebecca; Shimony, Tal; Rosen, Laura

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr261

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One study40 found that parental education level influences adolescents’ smoking behaviour in school; however, at the school level SES, there was no significant impact (mixed equity impact). The other study39 found no association with parental educational level (neutral equity impact).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The equity impact of voluntary smokefree policies was: four neutral,30 38 39 58 one negative36 and one mixed (neutral and negative) 40. Three of these studies investigated smoking behaviour in cars with children, in the context of no smokefree vehicle legislation (one negative equity impact and two neutral for equity impact) 38 52 58.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, marked differences by SES persisted, with lowest SES students reporting the highest in-vehicle SHS exposure, and the highest SES students reporting lowest SHS exposure. Two studies explored the impact of voluntary compliance with smoking restrictions on smoking behaviour in secondary school children in Spain40 and Israel 39. One study40 found that parental education level influences adolescents’ smoking behaviour in school; however, at the school level SES, there was no significant impact (mixed equity impact).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review

2014

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review

2014

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“…(P.11). In 2003–2004, nearly 86% of school children (7 th -12 th graders) reported regular exposure to tobacco smoke, with 40% of them exposed on a regular basis at school [ 17 ]. Parentally-reported exposure of infants between 2009–2012 showed that 31.5% of infants aged 0–2 were exposed to tobacco smoke at least occasionally.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco policy in Israel: 1948–2014 and beyond

Rosen

Peled-Raz

2015

Isr J Health Policy Res

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BackgroundTobacco is the only consumer product known to kill half of its users, and is a significant cause of death and disability to exposed nonsmokers. This presents a unique conundrum for modern democracies, which emphasize personal liberty, yet are obligated to protect citizens.In Israel, the death toll in 2014 from smoking is expected to reach 8000 deaths; nearly a fifth of the population smokes, and over two-thirds of the population are exposed to tobacco smoke.AimThis paper provides an overview of tobacco policy in Israel since the inception of the State, presents the development of the National Tobacco Control Plan, and recommends future actions.MethodsSources for this article included the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) and Ministry of Health websites, Health Minister Reports to the Knesset on Smoking, and the scientific literature.ResultsIsrael has an impressive record on tobacco control policy, beginning with taxation in 1952, landmark smoke-free air and marketing legislation in the early 1980’s, tax increases and expansions of smoke-free air and marketing legislation in the ensuing years, and the addition of subsidized smoking cessation technologies in 2010. Until 2011, actions were taken by various organizations without formal coordination; since the passage of the National Tobacco Control Plan in 2011, the Ministry of Health has held responsibility for coordinating tobacco control, with an action plan.The plan has been partially implemented. Smoke-free air laws were expanded, but enforcement is poor. Passage of critical marketing and advertising restrictions is stalled. Requested funds for tobacco control did not materialize.RecommendationsIn order to prevent hundreds of thousands of preventable premature deaths in the coming decades, Israel should considerably strengthen tobacco control policies to include: guaranteed funding for tobacco control; strong curbs on advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco and smoking products; public education; law enforcement; protection of children from exposure to tobacco; regulation of electronic cigarettes and other alternative harm-reducing products; tobacco control research; and systematic monitoring of, and periodic updates to, the National Tobacco Control Plan. Israel should also begin discussions of Endgame scenarios, and consider abolition of tobacco, as it continues its progress towards making smoking history.

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“…This analysis gives further evidence to the widespread ETS exposure in the Israeli population found in our study. Additional support for widespread ETS exposure stems from a study conducted among Israeli adolescents, based on self-reported exposure [31]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to tobacco smoke based on urinary cotinine levels among Israeli smoking and nonsmoking adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the first Israeli human biomonitoring study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundCotinine levels provide a valid measure of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The goal of this study was to examine exposure to tobacco smoke among smoking and nonsmoking Israeli adults and to identify differences in ETS exposure among nonsmokers by socio-demographic factors.MethodsWe analyzed urinary cotinine data from the first Israeli human biomonitoring study conducted in 2011. In-person questionnaires included data on socio-demographic and active smoking status. Cotinine levels were measured using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry procedure. We calculated creatinine-adjusted urinary cotinine geometric means (GM) among smokers and nonsmokers, and by socio-demographic, smoking habits and dietary factors. We analyzed associations, in a univariable and multivariable analysis, between socio-demographic variables and proportions of urinary cotinine ≥1 μg/l (Limit of Quantification = LOQ) or ≥4 μg/l.ResultsCotinine levels were significantly higher among 91 smokers (GM = 89.7 μg/g creatinine; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.4-169.6) than among 148 nonsmokers (GM = 1.3; 1.1-1.7). Among exclusive waterpipe smokers, cotinine levels were relatively high (GM = 53.4; 95% CI 12.3-232.7). ETS exposure was widespread as 62.2% of nonsmokers had levels ≥ LOQ, and was higher in males (75.8%) than in females (52.3%). In a multivariable model, urinary cotinine ≥ LOQ was higher in males (Prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64, p = 0.032) and in those with lower educational status (PR = 1.58; 1.04-2.38, p = 0.031) and decreased with age (PR = 0.99; 0.98-1.00, p = 0.020, per one additional year). There were no significant differences by ethnicity, residence type or country of birth.ConclusionsOur findings indicate widespread ETS exposure in the nonsmoking Israeli adult population, especially among males, and younger and less educated participants. These findings demonstrate the importance of human biomonitoring, were instrumental in expanding smoke-free legislation implemented in Israel on July 2012 and will serve as a baseline to measure the impact of the new legislation.

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Ethnic Differences in Patterns of Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Adolescents in Israel

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review

Equity impact of interventions and policies to reduce smoking in youth: systematic review

Tobacco policy in Israel: 1948–2014 and beyond

Exposure to tobacco smoke based on urinary cotinine levels among Israeli smoking and nonsmoking adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the first Israeli human biomonitoring study

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