Ethnic Differences in the Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcification for All-Cause Mortality

Nasir, Khurram; Shaw, Leslee J.; Liu, Sandy T.; Weinstein, Steven R.; Mosler, Tristen R.; Flores, Phillip R.; Flores, Ferdinand; Raggi, Paolo; Berman, Daniel S.; Blumenthal, Roger S.; Budoff, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.066

Cited by 146 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…[19][20][21] To this end, several feasible mechanisms have been proposed to explain the disparities in RF, comorbidities, and accessibility to preventive therapy or health care, which may ultimately contribute to the observed racial and/or ethnic differences. 22 Other factors such as environmental, behavioral, or genetic susceptibilities may have additional effects on these differences. Accordingly, forthcoming studies are warranted to clarify the possible mechanisms underlying the differences related to race and ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warranty Period of Zero Coronary Artery Calcium Score for Predicting All-Cause Mortality According to Cardiac Risk Burden in Asymptomatic Korean Adults

Lee

Han

Hartaigh

et al. 2016

Circ J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warranty Period of Zero Coronary Artery Calcium Score for Predicting All-Cause Mortality According to Cardiac Risk Burden in Asymptomatic Korean Adults

Lee

Han

Hartaigh

et al. 2016

Circ J

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“…Studies have demonstrated that CAC improves risk prediction beyond that of conventional RF-based algorithms, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and guidelines now recommend the use of CAC for select low-to intermediate-risk individuals. 20,21 However, the frequency of high CAC burden as well its prognostic value among low-risk individuals (ie, without any known RFs) is unclear.…”

Section: Clinical Perspective On P 473mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcification and Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Asymptomatic Individuals

Nasir

Rubin

Blaha

et al. 2012

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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179

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however, the potential role of CAC among individuals who have no risk factors (RFs) is less established. We sought to examine the relationship between the presence and burden of traditional RFs and CAC for the prediction of all-cause mortality. Methods and Results-The study cohort consisted of 44 052 consecutive asymptomatic individuals free of known coronary heart disease referred for computed tomography for the assessment of CAC. The following RFs were considered: (1) current cigarette smoking, (2) dyslipidemia, (3) diabetes mellitus, (4) hypertension, and (5) family history of coronary heart disease. Patients were followed for a mean of 5.6±2.6 years for the primary end point of all-cause mortality. Among individuals who had no RF, Cox proportional model adjusted for age and sex identified that increasing CAC scores were associated with 3.00-to 13.38-fold higher mortality risk. The lowest survival rate was observed in those with no CAC and no RF, whereas those with CAC≥400 and ≥3 RFs had the highest all-cause fatality rate. Notably, individuals with no RF and CAC≥400 had a substantially higher mortality rate compared with individuals with ≥3 RFs in the absence of CAC (16.89 versus 2.72 per 1000 person-years). Conclusions-By highlighting that individuals without RFs but elevated CAC have a substantially higher event rates than those who have multiple RFs but no CAC, these findings challenge the exclusive use of traditional risk assessment algorithms for guiding the intensity of primary prevention therapies. (Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 5:467-473).

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“…CAC may help to refine the risk stratification and treatment strategies of these patient populations who are otherwise categorized as intermediate or low risk based on Framingham Risk Score categorization. CAC has consistently demonstrated independent and incremental predictive power for CVD when added to traditional risk factors [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Future Cardiology Part Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning: A Useful Tool for Refining Heart Failure Risk prediction?

Latif

Budoff

2012

Future Cardiol.

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Ethnic Differences in the Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcification for All-Cause Mortality

Abstract: Consistent with population evidence, AA with increasing burden of subclinical coronary artery disease were the highest-risk ethnic minority population. These data support a growing body of evidence noting substantial differences in cardiovascular risk by ethnicity.

Cited by 146 publications

References 36 publications

Warranty Period of Zero Coronary Artery Calcium Score for Predicting All-Cause Mortality According to Cardiac Risk Burden in Asymptomatic Korean Adults

Warranty Period of Zero Coronary Artery Calcium Score for Predicting All-Cause Mortality According to Cardiac Risk Burden in Asymptomatic Korean Adults

Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcification and Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Asymptomatic Individuals

Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning: A Useful Tool for Refining Heart Failure Risk prediction?

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