Ethnic disparities in the uptake of colorectal cancer screening: An analysis of the West London population

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer mortality in the UK [1].Detection and removal of precancerous or early stage lesions is associated with better long-term survival.[2] The Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) was introduced in the UK for this purpose. In England, all people aged 60-75 years are invited biennially to participate and are sent a home testing kit for the guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) or faecal immunochemical test (FIT) in order to detect blood in the stool which may indicate the presence of a premalignant or malignant bowel lesion. The traditional gFOBT kit involves handling stool on three separate occasions and has a sensitivity of 92%-94% [3]. Since 2018, FIT has begun to replace gFOBT because it is more sensitive for the detection of cancer (88%-100%) [4]. It also requires stool to be handled once only and therefore may be more acceptable to users. Importantly, the BCSP has been shown to be effective in detecting

Diabetes self‐management during the COVID‐19 pandemic and its associations with COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome, depression and health anxiety

“…Direct comparisons with pre‐pandemic figures for this particular cohort cannot be made. With a large proportion of respondents identifying as White (which is not demographically representative of the actual patient population 30 ) and with HbA 1c levels in this cohort lower than previous measurements of the London average for people with diabetes, 31 our findings should not be broadly generalised 32 . It is possible that the salience of the study at a time of great challenge due to COVID may have encouraged some to reply; conversely patients with diabetes also suffering symptoms of mental illness may be less motivated to engage with a survey received by post/email, a key factor for survey non‐response 32,33 .…”

A systematic review of ethnic disparities in the uptake of colorectal cancer screening

“…Acculturation, fewer language barriers and presence of an organised screening programme in China since 2008 are suggested explanations. 48 Due to differences in ethnicity census coding between the US and the UK, Japanese, Vietnamese and Filipino populations were not studied individually.…”

Effect of Rebozo Reaction on The Length of Labor in Primiparous Mothers in PMB Deli Serdang Year 2021

“…The descriptive results are the average length of the first stage of labor, which is assessed from dilatation of 3 cm to complete dilatation, the average duration; 569 minutes, the average length of the second stage of 45 minutes, and the total length of labor an average of 583 minutes. This study differs because of the different sample criteria, sample size and gestational age, research results (Bloch, 2004); (Thiel, 2010); (Sekhon Inderjit Singh, Lal, Majeed, & Pawa, 2021). Which compares the length of labor between ethnic Kosovars and whites (Caucasians) in London.…”