Ethnic gaps in educational attainment and labor-market outcomes: evidence from France

Abstract

International audienceWe use data from the Trajectoires et Origines survey to analyze ethnic gaps in education and labor-market outcomes between second-generation immigrants and their French-native counterparts. Our three main findings underscore the importance of family background in explaining lifelong ethnic inequalities. First, second-generation immigrants are on average less likely to experience education success than their native counterparts, with the education gap mainly being rooted in ethnic differences in family backgrounds. Second, while second-generation immigrants have on average a lower probability of employment and lower wages than natives, both gaps are mainly explained by the differences in education. Third, we find considerable heterogeneity across ethnic groups

Profiles of Functioning in 5.5-Year-Old Very Preterm Born Children in France: The EPIPAGE-2 Study

“…non-European country) was one of the most important predictors of suboptimal outcomes. Possible mechanisms include the worse position of non-European minorities on the French labor market irrespective of education, 53,54 increased maternal mental health problems among first-generation immigrant mothers in France 55 that may be further increased in mothers of preterm children 56 and impact children's development, 57 and increased rates of unmet health care needs among minorities in France, 58 which have all been associated with perceived discrimination. [58][59][60] Other potential mechanisms include lower attendance in preschool education programs 61 and multilingualism, which has been associated with poorer cognitive outcomes after very preterm birth.…”

Does Country Context Matter? Sub‐Saharan and North African Immigrants’ Labour Market Outcomes in France and Spain

“…In France, ethnic minorities experience persistent discrimination in the labour market (Ware, 2014) and those identified as black experience hiring discrimination (Riach and Rich, 2002) and are underrepresented in jobs involving customer contact (Combes et al, 2016). Even after controlling for education, there is a significant employment gap between visible minority groups and native-born French (Langevin et al, 2017).…”

Perceptions of success among working-class children of immigrants in three cities

“…CINA, however, encounter different problems in their educational experiences from those of CIM-tracking at the secondary level being the most significant. 4 Brinbaum and Gu egnard (2013) find that, compared to native French, CINA are less likely to obtain the most prestigious school-leaving degree (baccalaur eat generale) and more likely to acquire a vocational one, and Langevin et al (2017) find that 75% of CINA have only a high school degree or lower. Similar to French education, tracking in Germany reproduces inequality.…”

“…The surplus of young people in the French labor market may result in discriminatory hiring practices (Hargreaves, 2015), and Silberman et al (2007) find that many CINA feel that they have been discriminated against on the basis of their names (see also Galland, 2006). Langevin et al (2017) find that, even though education plays a significant role in explaining employment and wage gaps in the French context, hiring discrimination plays a role in ethnic labor-market outcomes.…”