Ethnic inequalities in health: A review of UK epidemiological evidence

Cross-sectional study of ethnic differences in the utility of area deprivation measures to target socioeconomically deprived individuals

“…Using area deprivation as a proxy for individual deprivation in a targeting process may, nonetheless, be justified if a sufficiently high proportion of deprived individuals live in deprived areas and the number of non-deprived individuals targeted inappropriately is sufficiently small. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 3 Ethnic minority groups in the UK experience higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation (Barnard & Turner, 2011;Nazroo, 1998;Smaje, 1995), and a higher risk of associated diseases than the White population (Bhopal et al, 2002;Davey Smith, Chaturvedi, Harding, Nazroo, & Williams, 2000;Nazroo, 2003). Area measures of deprivation currently in use are driven by a majority White population and may not therefore be equally applicable across other ethnic groups .…”

Applicability of the Global Lung Function Spirometry Equations in Contemporary Multiethnic Children

“…Similarly, with the exception of the South Asian children, in whom predicted values were slightly under-estimated when applying the South East Asian equation, FEV 1 /FVC z-score was close to that expected from a healthy population in all groups. 95% of children in each group fell within the 95th limits of normality for FEV 1 and FVC, suggesting that these outcomes can be reliably used to identify presence of lung disease irrespective of ethnic origin. Although similar results were observed for FEV 1 /FVC in the white or "other" groups (5.6 and 6.7% respectively falling below the 5th centile), 9.1% of black children and 13.8% South Asian healthy children fell below this lower limit of normal, when applying the ethnic-specific equations.…”

Factors affecting occupational safety and health of foreign farm workers in Nordic countries

“…Both the country of origin and country of residence have an effect on the income, health and well-being of workers. Often the health of migrant workers is relatively good as this is a self-selected group of younger able-bodied workers (Smith et al 2000, Malin & Gissler 2006. In the United States, migrant workers are typically 18-34 years of age, about five percent are under 18 years of age, and some are even younger than 15 years of age (Butler 2007, Zuroweste & Fortuna, 2004.…”