Ethnic inequalities in health between Arabs and Jews in Israel: the relative contribution of individual-level factors and the living environment

Daoud, Nihaya; Soskolne, Varda; Mindell, Jennifer S.; Roth, Marilyn A.; Manor, Orly

doi:10.1007/s00038-017-1065-3

Cited by 90 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Discrimination has previously been documented as a barrier to smoking cessation in African Americans [ 44 ] and other minorities [ 17 ]. Some studies have suggested that social exclusion and discrimination of minority men are connected to fewer opportunities for higher education and less employment, which also increases stress, decreases attentiveness to healthy behaviors and encourages smoking [ 17 , 45 ], resulting in poor health [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arabs comprise one fifth of the population in Israel [ 24 ], but they have overall lower SES compared with their Jewish counterparts, higher poverty rates [ 48 ], lower education [ 49 ], and higher unemployment resulting from discriminatory institutional policies [ 50 ]. Health inequalities between them and the Jewish majority are related to gaps in living conditions [ 47 ]. Arab neighborhoods are characterized by high poverty and problems, including crime, violence and low collective efficacy [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the Arab population lives in separate villages and towns with close to 15% living in neighborhoods of eight mixed cities. Separation of the Arab and Jewish populations has led to segregation [ 43 , 59 ], which keeps Arab localities at a lower level of services and resources compared to Jewish localities [ 47 , 59 ]. Arab local authorities are constantly overwhelmed with problems, including violence and poor infrastructure [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arab local authorities are constantly overwhelmed with problems, including violence and poor infrastructure [ 51 ]. While neighborhood problems and the social environment are main factors that explain ethnic inequalities in health [ 47 ], those health issues are neglected in the face of multiple other needs that also affect the social structure [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that we used a convenience sample of Arab men might limit generalizability of the results. Although the socio-demographics of our sample are similar to those of participants in a random sample of Arab men smokers [ 25 ] and a national sample of Arab men [ 47 ]. Another limitation is that the study did not include Arab women.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among minority men using the behavioral-ecological model and Behavior Change Wheel: A concept mapping study

et al. 2018

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Background and aimUniversal smoking cessation strategies are not always successful for minorities, among whom smoking is highly prevalent despite high intention to quit. This study identifies facilitators for smoking cessation, as perceived by minority male smokers, that can inform a culturally appropriate national plan for smoking prevention and cessation.MethodsWe conducted in 2013 a three-stage study among Arab minority male current and former smokers (ages 18–64) in Israel, among whom smoking is very high: first, a Concept Mapping (CM) study with 102 and 202 participants in the brainstorming, and sorting and rating phases respectively. Second, we assigned clusters identified in the CM study to contingency levels using the Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM). Third, we classified clusters into intervention functions and policies using the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW).FindingsThe CM study revealed 58 barriers and facilitators for smoking prevention and cessation that were sorted into 11 clusters by the participants. These clusters were analogous to four BEM level contingency of smoking (social, institutional, community and individual). We classified it into two main policy categories, based on the BCW: 1- restructuring the socio-political environment of smoking through affirmative government's policies towards Arab minority in Israel, and 2-developing a culturally appropriate plan for smoking cessation in Arab local authorities including: raising awareness about tobacco hazards; enforcing anti-smoking laws; strengthening community institutional action; providing smoking cessation services; considering raising prices for tobacco products, addressing psychological sources of smoking in Arab men.ConclusionsOur study revealed barriers, facilitators and contingencies of smoking prevention and cessation with two main policy action items among the Arab minority in Israel: changing the socio-political environment of smoking, and developing a culturally appropriate smoking prevention and cessation national plan. Our study framework can inform policies and culturally appropriate interventions for smoking prevention and cessation in other minorities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among minority men using the behavioral-ecological model and Behavior Change Wheel: A concept mapping study

et al. 2018

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Ethnic disparity in cervical cancer stage at diagnosis: A retrospective study in an Israeli referral‐center

Cohen

Brandt

Kogan

et al. 2023

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective To compare stage and survival of cervical cancer between Jewish and Arab women in a tertiary medical center in Israel. Methods Retrospective study of consecutive women diagnosed with cervical cancer in a single institution between 2010 and 2021. We compared Jewish and Arab patients using univariate, multivariable, and survival curves analysis. Results Overall, 207 Jewish women and 45 Arab women were included with a median follow up of 20 months (interquartile range 7–46 months). The groups did not differ in median body mass index, mean age at diagnosis, or menopausal status. Arab women had higher parity. Arab women were at a higher risk to be diagnosed with advanced stage disease (≥2b) (84.4% vs. 57% Arab and Jewish women, respectively, P < 0.001). In a multivariable regression analysis, Arab descent was found to be the only independent factor associated with advanced stage disease (odds ratio 3.95, 95% confidence interval 1.54–10.10). Overall survival and stage‐specific survival were not different between the ethnic groups. Conclusions Advanced stage at diagnosis was more prevalent in Arab women compared with Jewish women with cervical cancer, whereas stage‐specific survival was similar. Further studies addressing possible contributing factors to inequality should be undertaken to find corrective measures.

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Characterization of respiratory illness surge (April–June 2021) post‐COVID‐19 lockdown

Masarweh¹,

Gur²,

Bar‐Yoseph³

et al. 2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Introduction Following the opening of lockdown and relaxation of public health restrictions, an unusual surge of respiratory illness occurred during the spring/summer (Q2) 2021 season. We aimed to characterize this surge compared to previous years. Methods Children discharged from a single tertiary hospital for respiratory illness or selected noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 2015 and 2021 were included, and hospitalization rates were compared. To evaluate whether the current respiratory surge resembles a typical winter, characteristics of the second quarter (Q2, April–June) of 2021 were compared to parallel seasons and to autumn/winter (Q4, October–December) of the previous years. Results Respiratory illness showed a seasonal peak, while the pattern of NCD was consistent throughout the study period. Respiratory illnesses showed a delayed surge in Q2 2021 (389 patients), with a missing seasonal peak in Q2 and Q4 2020 (135 and 119 patients, respectively). There were more cases of croup in Q2 2021 compared to Q2 and Q4 2015–2019 (26.2 vs. 12.5% and 15.8%, p < 0.001), fewer cases of pneumonia (5.9 vs. 15.9% and 11.7%, p < 0.001), lower admission rates (22.4 vs. 36.3% and 31.5%, p < 0.001), and fewer hypoxemia during hospitalization (6.3 vs. 11.7% and 10%, p < 0.001). Additionally, lower use of antibiotics (6.2 vs. 12.3% and 10.3%, p = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively) and higher use of steroids (33.7 vs. 24.8% and 28.3%, p < 0.001 and 0.034, respectively). Conclusions The postponed increase in respiratory morbidity after lockdown had unique characteristics, with upper respiratory illness predominating and fewer hospitalizations. Follow‐up is needed to assess the altered epidemiological patterns of respiratory diseases in the post‐COVID era.

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Ethnic inequalities in health between Arabs and Jews in Israel: the relative contribution of individual-level factors and the living environment

Abstract: Arabs in Israel have poorer SRH than Jews. Polices to reduce this inequality should mainly focus on improving the SES and the living conditions of the Arabs, which might enhance health behaviors and well-being.

Cited by 90 publications

References 38 publications

Facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among minority men using the behavioral-ecological model and Behavior Change Wheel: A concept mapping study

Facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among minority men using the behavioral-ecological model and Behavior Change Wheel: A concept mapping study

Ethnic disparity in cervical cancer stage at diagnosis: A retrospective study in an Israeli referral‐center

Characterization of respiratory illness surge (April–June 2021) post‐COVID‐19 lockdown

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