Ethnic Inequality

Alesina, Alberto; Michalopoulos, Stelios; Papaioannou, Elias

doi:10.1086/685300

Cited by 442 publications

(415 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Nonetheless, to dispel remaining doubts, I re-run all models with an alternative measure of ethnic inequality created by Alesina et al (2016). As discussed previously, there are both theoretical and empirical reasons that alleviate this concern.…”

Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: The heterogeneous effect of diversity: Ascriptive identities, class and redistribution in developed democracies

Yakter

2018

European J Political Res

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The current consensus among comparative political scientists postulates that diverse democracies redistribute less than do homogeneous ones. However, whereas homogeneous democracies do redistribute more on average, diverse democracies exhibit high variation in redistributive outcomes. Why does ascriptive heterogeneity stifle redistribution in some cases but not in others? In this article, it is argued that diversity undermines redistributive outcomes when identity groups differ more starkly in their income levels. More importantly, under these conditions, the policy outcomes are not uniform: rather than general cutbacks, richer groups selectively under‐prioritise benefits and access for poorer, minority‐heavy groups while keeping their own redistributive interests protected. The result is not simply less redistribution aggregately, but a more exclusionary and regressive welfare state that prioritises the special needs of better‐off identity groups. Empirical support is found in these hypotheses using macro‐comparative panel data on multiple redistributive aspects in 22 developed democracies in the years 1980–2011. The article thus outlines a conditional and more nuanced relationship between diversity and redistributive outcomes than commonly assumed, as well as several broader lessons for research of identity politics and social policy.

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Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: The heterogeneous effect of diversity: Ascriptive identities, class and redistribution in developed democracies

Yakter

2018

European J Political Res

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“…Robinson (2001) stresses the key role of ethnic inequality in creating conflict and spurring ethnic identification across Africa), while Alesina, Michalopoulos, and Papaioannou (2012) show that economic differences across ethnic lines are the highest in Africa compared to Europe, Asia, and the Americas. 6 …”

Section: Ethnic Identification and State Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 Alesina, Michalopoulos, and Papaioannou (2012) estimate that the average (median) ethnic Gini index for African countries in 2009 is 0.54 (0.61), while in Asia the mean (median) is 0.45 (0.49), in Europe the mean (median) is 0.27 (0.21), and in America the mean (median) is 0.37 (0.40). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Ethnic Origins of African Development: Chiefs and Precolonial Political Centralization

Michalopoulos

Papaioannou

2015

AMP

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We report on recent findings of a fruitful research agenda that explores the importance of ethnic-specific traits in shaping African development. First, using recent surveys from Sub-Saharan African countries, we document that individuals identify with their ethnic group as often as with the nation pointing to the salience of ethnicity. Second, we focus on the various historical and contemporary functions of tribal leaders (chiefs) and illustrate their influence on various aspects of the economy and the polity. Third, we elaborate on a prominent dimension of ethnicity, that of the degree of complexity of pre-colonial political organization. Building on insights from the African historiography, we review recent works showing a strong association between pre-colonial centralization and contemporary comparative development both across and within countries. We also document that the link between pre-colonial political centralization and regional development -as captured by satellite images of light density at night-is particularly strong in areas outside the vicinity of the capitals, where due to population mixing and the salience of national institutions ethnic traits play a lesser role. Overall, our evidence is supportive to theories and narratives on the presence of a “dual” economic and institutional environment in Africa.

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“…Thereby, nighttime lights have helped to improve our understanding of comparative development [13, 14, 17, 18] as well as a host of other topics ranging from favoritism [9, 16] to ethnic inequality [15] and micro-finance [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime lights as a proxy for human development at the local level

2018

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Nighttime lights, calculated from weather satellite recordings, are increasingly used by social scientists as a proxy for economic activity or economic development in subnational regions of developing countries where disaggregated data from statistical offices are not available. However, so far, our understanding of what nighttime lights capture in these countries is limited. We use geo-referenced Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 29 African countries to construct indicators of household wealth, education and health for DHS cluster locations as well as for grid cells of roughly 50 × 50 km. We show that nighttime lights are positively associated with these location-specific indicators of human development, and that the variation in nighttime lights can explain a substantial share in the variation in these indicators. We conclude that nighttime lights are a good proxy for human development at the local level.

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Ethnic Inequality

Cited by 442 publications

References 55 publications

Retracted: The heterogeneous effect of diversity: Ascriptive identities, class and redistribution in developed democracies

Retracted: The heterogeneous effect of diversity: Ascriptive identities, class and redistribution in developed democracies

On the Ethnic Origins of African Development: Chiefs and Precolonial Political Centralization

Nighttime lights as a proxy for human development at the local level

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