Ethnic mental health inequalities and mental health policies in England 1999-2020

Hussain, Basharat; Hui, Ada; Timmons, Stephen; Nkhoma, Kennedy

doi:10.1108/jpmh-06-2021-0080

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The recent mental health policies in Scotland ( 42 ), Wales ( 43 ) and Northern Ireland ( 44 ) all highlight the importance of addressing inequalities in order to promote mental health. In their review of mental health policies in England from 1999 to 2020, Hussain et al ( 45 ) report that over this period, ethnic mental health inequalities remain comparable and policy recommendations have also remained largely the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few people mentioned that they missed traveling to go on holiday, and others were affected by not being able to travel within the country due to the restrictions as they had no family or friends nearby to promote mental health. In their review of mental health policies in England from 1999 to 2020, Hussain et al (45) report that over this period, ethnic mental health inequalities remain comparable and policy recommendations have also remained largely the same.…”

Section: Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mental health experiences of ethnic minorities in the UK during the Coronavirus pandemic: A qualitative exploration

Bortel

Lombardo

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundWorldwide, the Coronavirus pandemic has had a major impact on people's health, lives, and livelihoods. However, this impact has not been felt equally across various population groups. People from ethnic minority backgrounds in the UK have been more adversely affected by the pandemic, especially in terms of their physical health. Their mental health, on the other hand, has received less attention. This study aimed to explore the mental health experiences of UK adults from ethnic minorities during the Coronavirus pandemic. This work forms part of our wider long-term UK population study “Mental Health in the Pandemic.”MethodsWe conducted an exploratory qualitative study with people from ethnic minority communities across the UK. A series of in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women, 14 men and 1 non-binary person from ethnic minority backgrounds, aged between 18 and 65 years old (mean age = 40). We utilized purposefully selected maximum variation sampling in order to capture as wide a variety of views, perceptions and experiences as possible. Inclusion criteria: adults (18+) from ethnic minorities across the UK; able to provide full consent to participate; able to participate in a video- or phone-call interview. All interviews took place via MS Teams or Zoom. The gathered data were transcribed verbatim and underwent thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke carried out using NVivo 12 software.ResultsThe qualitative data analysis yielded seven overarching themes: (1) pandemic-specific mental health and wellbeing experiences; (2) issues relating to the media; (3) coping mechanisms; (4) worries around and attitudes toward vaccination; (5) suggestions for support in moving forward; (6) best and worst experiences during pandemic and lockdowns; (7) biggest areas of change in personal life. Generally, participants' mental health experiences varied with some not being affected by the pandemic in a way related to their ethnicity, some sharing positive experiences and coping strategies (exercising more, spending more time with family, community cohesion), and some expressing negative experiences (eating or drinking more, feeling more isolated, or even racism and abuse, especially toward Asian communities). Concerns were raised around trust issues in relation to the media, the inadequate representation of ethnic minorities, and the spread of fake news especially on social media. Attitudes toward vaccinations varied too, with some people more willing to have the vaccine than others.ConclusionThis study's findings highlight the diversity in the pandemic mental health experiences of ethnic minorities in the UK and has implications for policy, practice and further research. To enable moving forward beyond the pandemic, our study surfaced the need for culturally appropriate mental health support, financial support (as a key mental health determinant), accurate media representation, and clear communication messaging from the Governments of the UK.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental health experiences of ethnic minorities in the UK during the Coronavirus pandemic: A qualitative exploration

Bortel

Lombardo

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, V.I. has been associated with poorer mental health outcomes (Kempen et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013;van der Aa et al, 2015;Frank et al, 2019), but there is also 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1359074 Frontiers in Psychology 13 frontiersin.org evidence of mental health inequalities among adults from minority ethnic communities in the UK in terms of diagnoses of mental health conditions and experiences of mental health support services (Grey et al, 2013;Hussain et al, 2022). Research with adults with disabilities who are LGBTQI+ found that they may feel uncomfortable to disclose their status to authorities and personal carers, due to concerns that their status may impact on the care provided to them if an assessor or personal carer has strict religious beliefs (Abbott et al, 2017).…”

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does the UK public think and feel about people with visual impairment: a review of existing evidence

Heinze,

Jones,

Bertiz

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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Despite legislation to protect people with visual impairment (V.I.) from discrimination in the United Kingdom (UK), the latter continue to experience overt and covert negative behaviours. Perceived discrimination has been associated with an adverse impact on identity, health and well-being, while negative attitudes have been identified as the biggest barrier to participation in everyday life. This article provides a narrative review of existing evidence of how the UK public treats (behaviours), thinks (perceptions) and feels (attitudes) about people with V.I. Despite limitations, the findings suggest that there is a gap between the behaviours reported by people with V.I. and the attitudes expressed by members of the UK public. Social psychological theories are used to explore possible reasons for this gap, and ways in which it may be addressed. As such, the article provides an example of how social psychological theories can be used to address problems in an applied context.

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“…Whilst underexplored, MEC adults with V.I. may experience additional challenges relating to mental health, with evidence of mental health inequalities among MEC adults in the UK, both in terms of diagnoses of mental health conditions and experiences of support services ( 23 , 24 ). This could reflect experiences of stigma and discrimination amongst MEC adults with V.I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring mental well-being, the emotional impact of visual impairment and experiences of prejudice and discrimination among adults from minority ethnic communities in the UK

Heinze,

Castle

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundVisual impairment (V.I.) has been associated with a negative impact on mental health outcomes, including a process of grief among those who lose their sight. Older adults with V.I. who had experienced discrimination have been found to be at increased risk of depression, loneliness, poorer life satisfaction and poorer quality of life. Adults from minority ethnic communities (MEC) may be at increased risk of V.I. and yet, research on the experiences of MEC adults with V.I. remains limited. This article forms part of a series which explores issues and status among MEC adults living with V.I. in the UK.MethodsA secondary analysis of V.I. Lives survey data was performed to explore mental well-being assessed by the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale (SWEMWBS), the emotional impact of V.I., and prejudice and discrimination among a matched control sample of 77 MEC and 77 adults from white communities (WC). Participants were matched by age, gender, UK region and urban/rural setting. Subgroup analyses were also conducted for the two largest MEC subgroups, Asian (n = 46) and black participants (n = 22).ResultsThere were few statistically significant differences between the groups. MEC participants were significantly more likely than WC participants to rate emotional support to come to terms with their V.I. as important and to feel optimistic about their V.I. but they were significantly less likely to agree that they were receiving the level of emotional support they needed to get on with their life. Within the MEC group, participants from Asian communities had significantly poorer mental well-being, and they were also significantly more likely to agree that the general public were often prejudiced against people with V.I. and less likely to feel optimistic about their V.I. than black participants.ConclusionAlthough there were few statistically significant differences, participants from Asian communities were more likely to report poor mental and emotional well-being, and experiences of discrimination, than black and white participants. In contrast, participants from black communities fared the same as, or in some cases better than, white participants. Future research will need to confirm these findings and explore reasons for these.

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Ethnic mental health inequalities and mental health policies in England 1999-2020

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The mental health experiences of ethnic minorities in the UK during the Coronavirus pandemic: A qualitative exploration

The mental health experiences of ethnic minorities in the UK during the Coronavirus pandemic: A qualitative exploration

How does the UK public think and feel about people with visual impairment: a review of existing evidence

Exploring mental well-being, the emotional impact of visual impairment and experiences of prejudice and discrimination among adults from minority ethnic communities in the UK

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