Ethnic‐Racial Identity and Friendships in Early Adolescence

Rivas‐Drake, Deborah; Umaña‐Taylor, Adriana J.; Schaefer, David R.; Medina, Michael

doi:10.1111/cdev.12790

Cited by 82 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Future research should use an adolescent-driven measure of parent and peer socialization. Recent research, however, has indicated that adolescent report of peer behaviors may be under or over estimated (Rivas-Drake, et al, 2017; Yip et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most attention is placed on the role of parents in ethnic socialization, peers serve as equally important socialization agents (Hu et al, 2012; Syed, 2012; Rivas-Drake, Umaña-Taylor, Schaefer, & Medina, 2017; Yip, Douglass, & Shelton, 2013). Ethnic socialization among peers is more likely to occur during adolescence when adolescents seek more autonomy from parents and are more influenced by peer relationships (Harris, 1995).…”

Section: Ethnic Socializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Latin American, Asian, and White adolescents’ increase in intraracial friendships was associated with increases in ethnic identity development (Kiang, Witkow, Baldelomar, & Fuligni, 2010). For ethnically diverse youth, having more diverse friendships was related with higher ethnic-racial identity exploration at a later time (Rivas-Drake et al, 2017). For Asian adolescents, contact with same-ethnic friends was associated with higher ethnic identity (Yip et al, 2013).…”

Section: Ethnic Socializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development among internationally adopted Korean American adolescents: A seven-year follow-up.

Hu¹,

Zhou²

2017

Developmental Psychology

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The relationship between ethnic socialization by parents and peers and ethnic identity development was examined over a seven-year time span in a sample of 116 internationally adopted Korean American adolescents. Parent report data was collected in 2007 (T1) when the adopted child was between 7–13 years old and again in 2014 at ages 13–20 years old (T2). Adolescent report data also was collected in 2014. We examined differences in parent and adolescent reports of parental ethnic socialization at T2, changes in parent reports of ethnic socialization from T1 to T2, and the relationship among ethnic socialization by parents at T1 and T2, ethnic socialization by peers at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and resolution at T2. Results indicated parents reported higher levels of parental ethnic socialization than did adolescents at T2. Parent-reports of parental ethnic socialization also decreased between childhood and adolescence. Adolescents reported higher parental ethnic socialization than peer ethnic socialization at T2. Path analysis demonstrated positive indirect pathways among parental ethnic socialization at T1, parental ethnic socialization and peer ethnic socialization at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and ethnic identity resolution at T2. The study highlights the cultural experiences of transracial, transnational adopted individuals, the role of both parents and peers in ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development, and the importance of longitudinal and multi-informant methodology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethnic Socializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethnic Socializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development among internationally adopted Korean American adolescents: A seven-year follow-up.

Hu¹,

Zhou²

2017

Developmental Psychology

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“…Rivas‐Drake et al. () show that having more diverse friendships drives stronger exploration of ethnic–racial identity half a year later. In addition, Rivas‐Drake et al.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Rivas‐Drake et al. () show that in early adolescence friends become more similar to each other in ethnic identity exploration and resolution (influence effect in social network analysis). This influence effect was replicated in the study by Santos et al.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Ethnic Identity in Social Context: A Commentary

Meeus

2017

Child Development

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Key findings from the various studies of this special section of Child Development are that ethnic identity is embedded in a positive proximal interpersonal context in adolescence and that the links between ethnic identity and the interpersonal context seem to become stronger from the beginning of early adolescence on. Remarkably, the (longitudinal) studies do not show that ethnic identity is a better predictor of developmental outcomes or that it can be better predicted in minority groups than in majority groups. I use one of the articles to demonstate that a longitudinal prediction model is different from a developmental sequence model. Finally, an extension of the present measures of ethnic identity is proposed. This extension would allow for a thorough investigation of the saliency of ethnic identity and its interplay with other identity domains during adolescent development.

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