Ethnicity and the integration and exclusion of young people through urban park and recreation provision

Making friends in Zurich's urban forests and parks: The role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures

“…Youngsters' communication and recreation patterns can allow them to make friends in public urban green spaces (Ravenscroft and Markwell, 2000). Such spaces are therefore important for improving the social interactions that can lead to social inclusion.…”

Barriers to visiting South Africa's national parks in the post-apartheid era: black South African perspectives from Soweto

“…Of course, the problem of ethno-racial underrepresentation is neither exclusive to our research setting, nor is it restricted to the developing world. Indeed, other studies have observed the continuing trend of non-whites or minority groups failing to attend natural settings in considerable number in the United States (Boone, Burn-Silver, Thornton, Worden, & Galvin, 2005;Byrne, 2012;DeLuca, 1998;Floyd, 1999;Martin, 2004;Payne, Mowen, & OrsegaÀSmith, 2002;Pennington-Grey, Thapa, & Holland, 2002;Tinsley, Tinsley, & Croskeys, 2002;Weber & Sultana, 2013) and the United Kingdom (Askins, 2004;Ravenscroft & Markwell, 2000;Slee et al, 2001;Suckall, Fraser, Cooper, & Quinn, 2009). Research from the United States' National Park Service may be of particular value to South Africa due to a number of social parallels (Cock & Fig, 2000).…”

Diversity in mind: Towards a differentiated understanding of migrants’ recreational practices in urban forests

“…However, other works reviewed by Gentin (2011) indicate high frequency use of urban parks by young people with Asian, Black or no ethnic background (e.g. Amin, 1995, 1999;Ravenscroft and Markwell, 2000).…”