Ethnicity, Stigma and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Guangxi, China

Mao, Yuchen; Li, Xiaoming; Qiao, Shan; Zhou, Yuejiao; Zhao, Qun

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000652

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Overall, 53.76% of pregnant women experienced HIVrelated stigmatization. The proportion was lower, comparative to 79.1% of internalized stigmatization in the United States, 77.8% of overt stigmatization in women from Chile, and 62.2% of anticipatory stigmatization in PLWH receiving ART in the Oromia region, Ethiopia (5,6,25); however, our number was found to be greater than the 29.0% of enacted stigmatization in PLWH in South Africa, and 25.2% in depressed pregnant women living with HIV in Kenya, and less than the 10% enacted stigmatization in participants at HIV clinics in Guangxi China (7,13,21). Difference in the HIV-related stigma was partially due to variations in social background and culture, participants' characteristics and perspectives toward HIV.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…China is a country with an immense population and contains tremendous ethnic diversity, and the association between stigmatization and social support among pregnant women with HIV or syphilis remains poorly understood. Previous studies showed that HIV-positive pregnant women experienced more psychological distress and stigmatization than men, and HIVrelated stigmatization was negatively associated with social support (9,(20)(21)(22). A majority of these studies in China focused on women living in HIV epidemic areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundStigmatization and poor social support are challenges faced by individuals living with HIV or sexually transmitted disease, which can have a profound negative impact on their healthcare. Mother-to-child transmission of either HIV or syphilis can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate stigmatization and social support of pregnant women with HIV or syphilis in eastern China.MethodsThis was an explanatory sequential mixed-method study conducted in Zhejiang province, China in 2019. Stigmatization, social support, and the associated factors toward HIV or syphilis were evaluated using questionnaires. The social support rating scale was used to evaluate social support, where a score <25% was defined as poor social support. A logistic regression model was used to explore the association between stigmatization and poor social support.ResultsA total of 448 women (HIV positive, N = 93; syphilis, N = 355) were recruited in this study. Higher stigmatization was observed in pregnant women with HIV compared to those with syphilis (53.76% vs. 24.36%, p < 0.001), and poorer social support was observed in women with HIV compared with those with syphilis (40.86% vs. 19.86%, p < 0.001), with significant distributions of the total social support scores (Z = −1.976, p = 0.048) and scores on objectivity (Z = −2.036, p = 0.042) and subjectivity (Z = −2.500, p = 0.012). Similar social support among HIV or syphilis pregnant women was observed in medical healthcare facilities. In multivariable logistic model analysis, stigmatization (ORadj = 2.927; 95%CI, 1.714–4.996; p < 0.001) and ethnic minority (ORadj = 2.373; 95%CI, 1.113–5.056; p = 0.025) were negatively associated with social support. Interestingly, employment status was associated with improved social support (ORadj = 0.345; 95%CI, 0.180–0.662; p = 0.001).ConclusionStigmatization among pregnant women with HIV or syphilis remains high. We demonstrated that stigmatization was a significant predictor of low social support in pregnant women with HIV or syphilis. The support shown in medical facilities was similar toward pregnant women with HIV or syphilis. Implementation of stigmatization eradication and social support strategies targeting pregnant women with HIV or syphilis may therefore improve the dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission service.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…However, a study by Aye et al revealed that patients who disclosed their HIV status to others were less likely to comply with ART than those who did not disclose their status [23]. Other studies indicated that although disclosure can lead to a support from a social network, there is a high level of perceived stigma with initial disclosure to a trusted family member rather than a partner [37]. These differences suggest that the association between adherence, social support, disclosure, and stigma is complicated and dynamic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do stigma and disclosure of HIV status are associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among men who have sex with men?

Nafisah

Riono²,

Muhaimin³

2020

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA), especially men who have sex with man (MSM) suffer from double stigma because of their sexual behavior and HIV status; therefore, many of them do not reveal their status to others. Unfair treatment of health workers experienced by MSM negatively impacts their health, particularly their adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Non-compliance with therapy leads to poor conditions of PLWHA and increased transmission of HIV to their sexual partners. The aim of this study was to examine whether perceived stigma and disclosed HIV status are associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) non-adherence among MSM. Material and methods:A cross sectional study was conducted from April to July 2018 in two private clinics in DKI Jakarta, which are often visited by MSM. Thirty-eight adult MSM who had been on ART for ≥ 6 months with a complete medical record were included in this study, using a purposive sampling method. Quantitative data were collected with a structured direct interview and recorded in STATA v.14 for analysis. Results:The average age was 31 years (SD ± 5.38), 94.74% of participants did not have a formal employment and were not married, and 65.79% completed undergraduate education. 50% felt a high stigma related to their HIV status; however, 63.16% revealed their status to others, especially health workers and 52.63% had a good relationship with doctors. There was no significant relationship between perceived stigma and disclosure of status with adherence to ART therapy. Conclusions:Perceived stigma should be minimized by establishing a good patient-doctor relationship. Therefore, MSM would be willing to disclose their HIV status and sexuality, and hence help to achieve optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

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“…Due to the lack of supportive environment, the vulnerability of personal privacy information to disclosure in the implementation of HIV health services, as well as AIDS-related discrimination and stigma pose a threat to the quality of health services, and have a serious impact on patients' mental health and the quality of health services. Research by Rames [39] and Yuchen Mao [40] suggests that social stigma is common, and this stigma and social stress can lead to depression, reduced quality of life and negative treatment outcomes. We suggested that regulatory agencies should work to reduce stigma effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Influencing Factors to HIV Health Services Among MSM: Based on Andersen Behavioral Model

Lin

Zhong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: We assessed the utilization of HIV health services and its influencing factors on consistent condom use, HIV testing and HIV counseling among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide a theoretical basis for future infectious disease prevention and control strategies and health services policy formulation. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. From April 2013 to October 2014, a sample survey was conducted in southwest China including Chongqing, Sichuan, Xinjiang and Guangxi, and an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM who met the requirements and were recruited. Based on Anderson Behavioral Model, the questionnaire divided the influencing factors into predisposing factor, enabling factor and need factor. There were 1727 valid questionnaires. SAS 9.4 was used for univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis to explore the factors influencing the utilization of health services. AMOS Graphics 24.0 was used to construct the path diagram through path analysis to explore the effect among various factors. Results: In the survey of HIV health services, 9.96% of respondents consistently used condoms, 78.00% had HIV testing, and 60.63% had HIV counseling. Among the predisposing factor, the older respondents are, the easier it is to be tested for HIV(β=0.078, p＜0.001). Among the enabling factor, urban registration is a factor that promotes HIV testing and counseling(β=0.064,p=0.003 and β=0.072, p=0.002). Among the need factor, HIV knowledge score is also a key point affecting testing and counseling(β=0.157, p＜0.001 and β=0.184, p＜0.001). The diagnosis of STD can promote respondents counseling(β=0.051, p=0.031). Depression is a contributing factor to consistent condom use(β=0.051,p=0.033), but negative to HIV counseling(β=-0.119, p＜0.001). Conclusions: For these groups, MSM with high-risk characteristics should be identified as a priority in the future public health services. HIV knowledge should be promoted in health education, physical and mental health diagnosis and treatment should also be strengthened.

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Ethnicity, Stigma and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Guangxi, China

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study

Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study

Do stigma and disclosure of HIV status are associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among men who have sex with men?

Study on Influencing Factors to HIV Health Services Among MSM: Based on Andersen Behavioral Model

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