Ethnography for Software Development

Kirah, Anne; Fuson, Carolyn; Grudin, Jonathan; Feldman, Evan

doi:10.1016/b978-012095811-5/50014-6

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Summative studies such as beta testing can be used to determine a product's readiness for launch, or even to validate a design after it has launched. See Kirah, Fuson, Grudin, and Feldman (2003) and Hughes et al (1995) for examples of how field studies can be adapted to address questions throughout a product's development.…”

Section: How Are Field Methods Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Woods (1996) described how he used initial interviews to enable him to be more goal driven in his contextual inquiry and observations. Kirah et al (2003) contrasted their user-driven ethnographic field method approach-used early in the development process-with the more product/feature-specific field studies conducted later in the development process.…”

Section: How Are Field Methods Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethnographic field studies tend to be longitudinal in nature (Spinuzzi, 2000). Behavioral observation and interviews (often semistructured) form the core of the methodology (Kirah et al, 2003). These interviews are often supplemented with one or more other data collection techniques, including artifact collection, video or photo documentation, diaries, and collages.…”

Section: Contextual Inquirymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Usability Assessment Methods

Dumas¹,

Salzman²

2006

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Usability assessment methods evolved from traditional human factors/ergonomics techniques beginning in the early 1980s. Following a brief historical introduction, we describe the four major categories of these methods: usability testing; usability inspections; surveys, interviews, and focus groups; and field methods. We describe the basic techniques of these methods, their strengths and weaknesses, their measurement characteristics, their validity and reliability, and how they are being applied to product development and assessment. We discuss the new challenges to usability assessment: (a) using the methods thoughtfully, (b) expanding the scope of assessment beyond usability and productivity to affect end user experience, (c) and emphasizing design solutions to problems in addition to simply finding the problems themselves.

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Section: How Are Field Methods Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Are Field Methods Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextual Inquirymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Usability Assessment Methods

Dumas¹,

Salzman²

2006

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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“…The literature on implementation of computerized clinical systems has consistently reported that neglecting to take user values, needs, and practices into consideration can lead to failed systems, lack of adoption by users, and unanticipated costs [2][3][4].…”

Section: Workflow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Public Health Knowledge Management Repository that Includes Grey Literature

2007

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Problem Public health professionals rely heavily on resources that are often only available in grey literature format. However, while grey literature may contain comprehensive, concrete, and up-to-date information, the fugitive nature of this material makes access problematic. The public health community needs a knowledge management repository of grey literature and tools for easy and rapid access, so time spent searching across and through materials can be reduced. Goal Design a customizable prototype public health knowledge management repository system and end-user interface with optimal interoperability and the capability to provide timely access to public health information in support of decision making at the point and time of need. Specification of an appropriate metadata schema, which identifies in a standardized way the elements needed to describe a resource, are a critical part of the system. The long-term goal is a system that delivers answers to public health questions, not a list of pointers to resources that may or may not contain information to answer those questions. Evaluation Procedure We are utilizing user needs analysis, user profiling, and resource assessment to inform understanding the information needs of public health professionals in the context of their everyday workflow and enable identification of key grey literature knowledge resources for incorporation into the knowledge management system. Rapid prototyping is being used to translate these findings into system specifications and interface design of a small-scale prototype system. The prototype defines system components and interactivity both among components and with relevant external knowledge resources--for example, the New York Academy of Medicine's Grey Literature collection, web resources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health materials, etc. The collection of materials will be organized utilizing resource metadata (high level formal, standards-based descriptions of documents) to improve location of relevant grey literature and other information sources. Results Testing and evaluation will result in enhancements to the user interface, information resources, presentation of those resources, etc. We also anticipate that the metadata schema employed in a public health knowledge management system will improve the efficacy and efficiency of locating answers to public health questions from the grey literature. Conclusions As the amount and breadth of public health information resources continue to expand it is critical that we find ways to provide direct access to the contents of these rich and complex resources. We believe that a public health grey literature knowledge management system with a collection of resources driven by the information needs of public health practitioners and organized using an appropriate metadata scheme will reduce time spent searching across and through materials, enhance public health decision making and ultimately improve the overall quality of public health services.

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“…Practitioners are frustrated by lack of integration across bibliographic databases; ready answers to questions (as opposed to lists of references or links to websites); and access to data tables and figures within publications which are a primary focus for gathering information for forming hypotheses and/or answering questions [6,[18][19][20]; 3. Premature adoption of computerized systems that fail to take into consideration user values, needs, and practices and organization issues may have unintended consequences that are costly and unsafe, such as failed systems, inefficient work, and inability to use data [1,[10][11]; and 4. As a new information system goes through its development and implementation stage, an iterative process must take place to integrate the assumptions made by the designers of the system and the people that use them [4].…”

Section: Workflow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a Customizable Knowledge Management Environment to Support Public Health Practice: Design Strategies

Revere

Fuller

2008

Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008)

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Public health practice is characterized by a lack of evidencebased decision support systems to help solve problems for the myriad of population health challenges todayfrom epidemics to chronic disease to bioterrorism and environmental disasters. We report on the design strategies utilized in developing a customizable public health knowledge management system, including the results of a literature review of research on information needs of public health practitioners, inventory of resources and roles, preliminary workflow analysis, and rapid prototyping. We employed a collaborative user-designer approach and multi-phased prototyping methodology aimed at achieving our goal of an interactive, customizable digital system to support the collection, description, management, and retrieval of public health documents, data sets, learning objects, software, and tools.

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Ethnography for Software Development

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Usability Assessment Methods

Usability Assessment Methods

A Public Health Knowledge Management Repository that Includes Grey Literature

Building a Customizable Knowledge Management Environment to Support Public Health Practice: Design Strategies

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