Ethyl isocyanate—An electrolyte additive from the large family of isocyanates for PC-based electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries

Development, retainment, and assessment of the graphite-electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries regarding the functionality of SEI-forming additives

“…The generated radical anion could attack another isocyanate where repetition of the mechanism leads to the formation of a polymeric product through nucleophilic addition. The stability of the formed SEI by isocyanates is attributed to the formation of the polymeric structure with similarities to polyimides ( Korepp et al., 2007a )Ethyl isocyanate (EtNCO) is reported as an additive that lowers solvent decomposition in PC-based electrolytes and protects graphite anode against exfoliation ( Korepp et al., 2007b ). The application of EtNCO has been studied in EC-based electrolytes as well where it has improved capacity retention of LCO/graphite cells.…”

Confronting the Challenges of Next‐Generation Silicon Anode‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Role of Designer Electrolyte Additives and Polymeric Binders

“…The formed intermediate may then react with either with another isocyanate monomer, resulting in a polymeric material that participates in building up the SEI, or with other electrolyte component (solvents and salts), leading to mixed reduction and SEI‐building products. It has been also reported that isocyanates can be electrochemically polymerized, leading to a polyamide‐like SEI (Scheme ) . Recently, Nölle and co‐workers reported the use of pentafluorophenyl isocyanate (PFPI) as an effective electrolyte additive for Li‐ion full cells, containing pure Si and LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (NMC‐111) as anode and cathode electrodes, respectively .…”

Additives for Functional Electrolytes of Li-Ion Batteries

“…Presently, many organic additives fall into the category of polymerizable monomers. A non-exhaustive list includes esters (including carboxylic esters/carbonates and other inorganic esters such as phosphates, sulfates, and silicates) that are derived from vinyl and allyl alcohols [2,54,71], vinyl pyridine [63], acrylic acid nitrile [110], maleic acid derivatives [125,131], vinyl sulfones [128], vinyl silanes [113], and isocyanates [65,171] (Fig. 2).…”