Ethyl Rosmarinate Prevents the Impairment of Vascular Function and Morphological Changes in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The potent, endothelium-independent, vasorelaxant effect of ethyl rosmarinate, an ester derivative of rosmarinic acid, makes it of interest as an alternative therapeutic agent for use in hypertension. This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethyl rosmarinate on N ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods: L-NAME was given orally to male Wistar rats for 6 weeks to induce hypertension concurrently with treatment of ethyl rosmarinate at 5, 15, or 30 mg/kgor enalapril at 10 mg/kg Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, and body weight of all experimental groups were recorded weekly, while the vascular sensitivity and histological changes of the aorta were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results: For all treatment groups, the data indicated that ethyl rosmarinate significantly attenuated the SBP in hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME, with no significant differences in heart rate and body weight. In addition, the response of vascular sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) was improved but there was no significant difference in the response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Furthermore, the sensitivity of the aorta to phenylephrine (PE) was significantly decreased. The thickness of the aortic wall did not differ between groups but the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased in ethyl rosmarinate-and enalapril-treated groups compared with the hypertensive group. Conclusions: Ethyl rosmarinate is an interesting candidate as an alternative treatment for hypertension due to its ability to improve vascular function and to increase the expression of eNOS similar to enalapril which is a drug commonly used in hypertension.

Protective Effect of Ethyl Rosmarinate against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice Based on Untargeted Metabolomics

“…ER, a natural active ingredient in Labiatae plants such as Salvia chinensis and Perilla frutescens, is increasingly concerned by researchers due to its excellent pharmacological effects. Previous research indicated that ER had anti-inflammation [14], anti-oxidation [15], anti-hypertension [16] and neuroprotective activity [17]. Although ER could be applied to treat some diseases, the role of ER against UC has not been fully reported or elucidated.…”

“…Interestingly, compared with rosmarinic acid, ethyl rosmarinate (ER, CAS: 174591-47-0) showed better anti-inflammatory activity [14]. Besides, ER was also reported to have other activities such as anti-oxidation [15], antihypertension [16] and neuroprotective activity [17]. For example, ER showed an ability to inhibit LPS-induced NO and prostaglandin E2 production in alveolar macrophages [14].…”

Diosmetin Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling by Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and p-JNK/p-NF-κB Expression in Hypertensive Rats

“…These results suggest that endothelial dysfunction occurred in this animal model. As several studies have reported, the major contribution of L-NAME-induced hypertension is vascular dysfunction [ 4 , 42 ]. Sympathetic nerve overactivity was observed as the contractile response to EFS was increased, but not to exogenous NE in the hypertensive group.…”

“…Depletion of NO by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, has been established as a treatment to induce [3]. It has been reported that long-term treatment with L-NAME causes sustained hypertension, cardiovascular dysfunction, and remodeling in animals [4][5][6][7]. Moreover, sympathetic nerve-mediated contractile responses are enhanced in the vasculature isolated from NOS inhibitor-treated rats, which is relevant to a high level of plasma norepinephrine and a low level of plasma NO in these animal models [8][9][10].…”

Effect of nori, a combination of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and gotu kola (Centella Asiatica) on blood pressure, modulation of ACE, eNOS and iNOS gene expression in hypertensive rats

“…Many studies have shown that Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is a chronic inhibitor of NO synthesis, causing endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction. This leads to a signi icant increase in blood pressure in rats (Alwi, 2018;Pantan et al, 2019) Based on previous research, the combination of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and gotu kola (Centella asiatica) has a bene icial effect on blood pressure and arterial stiffness (P Hasimun et al, 2019).…”