Ethylene/1‐Butene Copolymerization over Heterogeneous Metallocene Catalyst

Grieken, Rafael van; Martı́n, Carlos; Moreno, Jovita; Prieto, Óscar; Bravo, José Manuel

doi:10.1002/masy.200751320

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The same phenomenon was also reported in other researches where copolymerizable monomers took part in polymerization. 49,50 In contrast, the M w of PE in PE/12MMTs composite (12PE1) is close to that of the neat PE. For P-PE5, homopolymerized PE and copolymerized PE were separated by extraction using decalin as solvent in a Soxhlet extractor for 48 h, and then the MMTs in the residue were removed by reacting with hydrogen fluoride (HF) before examination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

Ren

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Effect of polymerizable montmorillonites (P-MMTs) on the morphology of polyethylene/montmorillonites (PE/MMTs) nanocomposites during filling polymerization was studied. The microstructure analysis showed that the P-MMTs were more exfoliatable than nonpolymerizable MMTs in the preparation of PE/MMTs nanocomposites. By examining the influence of the polymerization condition on the microstructure of the resultant nanocomposites, it was confirmed that the shear force formed by the mechanical stirring was the driving force of the exfoliation dispersion of MMT sheets during the filling polymerization. Comparatively, the shear force on MMT sheets might be increased due to strong interaction between PE chains linked to the surface of P-MMTs and the solvents molecules, which is the reason that polymerizable clay is more exfoliatable than nonpolymerizable clay.The copolymerization between polymerizable modifier and ethylene was confirmed by NMR measurements. Furthermore, the morphology of the resultant nanocomposites was influenced by the concentration of the dispersed PMMTs. The degree of exfoliation of the resultant nanocomposites at a relatively low concentration was higher than that at a high concentration. This is because of the multiscale organization of the organoclay dispersed in the organic medium. High exfoliation degree of MMTs and improved interaction between PE matrix and P-MMTs in PE/P-MMTs nanocomposites led to significant improvements in mechanical properties and barrier properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

Ren

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…6(g) and (h). Thus, the notched impact strengths of the SAN/PEB-g-MAN blends containing 25 and 30 wt% PEB were higher, being 60.3 kJ/m 2 …”

Section: Phase Structure Of San/peb-g-man Blendsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has received much attention [1,2] because of its excellent performance and low price. The PEBs have been applied to the modification, by blending, of nonpolar polymers, such as PP [3,4] and PE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening Effect of Poly(ethene-co-1-butene)-graft-methyl Methacrylate and Acrylonitrile on Styrene-acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN)

Zhu

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2010

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B

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Poly(ethene-co-1-butene)-graft-methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile (PEB-g-MAN), synthesized by suspension grafting copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile onto PEB, was blended with styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). The mechanical properties, phase structure, toughening mechanism, miscibility, and thermal stability of the SAN/PEB-g-MAN blends were studied using a pendulum impact tester, tension tester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results showed that PEB-g-MAN has an excellent toughening effect on SAN resin. The notched impact strength of the blends (containing 25 wt% PEB) was 63.3 kJ/m 2 , which was nearly 60 times that of SAN resin. The brittle-ductile transition of SAN/PEB-g-MAN blends occurred when the weight percentage of PEB was between 17.5 and ∼20 wt%. SAN and PEB-g-MAN were partially miscible. The toughening mechanism of the blends changed with the PEB content. When the PEB content was low, the toughening mechanism of the blends was branching and termination of cracks with slight cavitation. As the content of PEB increased, the toughing mechanism gradually changed from branching and termination of crack with slight cavitation to both branching and termination of crack and cavitation, to extensive cavitation, and finally to shear yielding accompanied by cavitation. The phase structure of the blends changed from a "sea-island'' structure to a cocontinuous structure as the PEB content increased. ATG analysis showed that the thermal properties of the SAN resin in the blends were enhanced by adding the PEB-g-MAN.

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“…This feature enables a better control of the molecular weight distribution with regard to Ziegler–Natta catalysts or Philips, wherein much broader distributions are usually obtained due to the occurrence of multiple polymerization sites . In addition, metallocenes can incorporate other 1‐olefins, even longer ones together with ethylene, originating rather uniform distributions of the comonomer along the polymer chain . The activity of the metallocene and the properties of the polymer are deeply bound up with the structure of the metallocene .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers Prepared Using Metallocene Catalysts

Tourkmani

Casas

Paredes

et al. 2014

Macro Reaction Engineering

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The synthesis in a liquid propene phase of ethylene–propylene copolymers of low molecular weights (3 000–20 000 g mol−1) is accomplished using three different metallocenes containing bridged bis(indenyl) moieties: (A) rac‐dimethylsilylbis(4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐indenyl)zirconium dichloride, (B) rac‐ethylenebis(4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐indenyl)zirconium dichloride, and (C) rac‐ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride. Hydrogen pressures higher than 1 bar were required to drop the molecular weight below 25 000 g mol−1. Metallocene B gives rise to the copolymers with lower molecular weights (<5 000 g mol−1), irrespective of the ethylene content, due to the presence of a hydrogenated six membered ring in the indenyl moiety as well as a CH2 bridge. DSC experiments indicate that for low ethylene contents (below 4 wt%), metallocene A gives rise to copolymers with the highest melting temperatures and the lowest melting enthalpies, suggesting the existence of longer isotactic propylene sequences into the copolymer backbone.

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Ethylene/1‐Butene Copolymerization over Heterogeneous Metallocene Catalyst

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

The role of polymerizable organophilic clay during preparing polyethylene nanocomposite via filling polymerization

Toughening Effect of Poly(ethene-co-1-butene)-graft-methyl Methacrylate and Acrylonitrile on Styrene-acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN)

Synthesis and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers Prepared Using Metallocene Catalysts

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