Ethylene–air mixtures under flowing conditions: a model-based approach to explosion conditions

Fabiano, Bruno; Pistritto, F.; Reverberi, Andrea P.; Palazzi, E.

doi:10.1007/s10098-015-0966-1

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For sample g, the concentration was 0.3 cm 3 in 3 cm 3 of water. Very often, chemical methods are a first-rank choice in several synthesis techniques concerning the production of nanosorbents for environmental remediation [4], the preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) as a metal-free carbon-based catalyst to degrade recalcitrant organics [5], the synthesis of nanoceramics for application in dentistry [6], the fabrication of nanosized sensors to ensure safety conditions in oxidation processes [7], and the production of zerovalent NPs by redox processes [8]. The latter are generally carried out in liquid phases [9], where a precursor containing the ion of the element forming the nanoparticles is dissolved and mixed with a proper electron-donor carrying out the reduction process.…”

Section: Composition Of the Vessel Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Low-Energy Wet Bead Milling of Metal Spheres

et al. 2019

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A low-energy, magnetically-driven milling technique for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is proposed, where the grinding medium and the metal precursor consisting of silver spheres have the same shape and size, belonging to a millimetric scale. The process is carried out at room temperature in aqueous solvent, where different types of capping agents have been dissolved to damp particle agglomeration. The particle diameters, determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, have been compared with those typical of conventional wet-chemical bottom-up synthesis processes. The use of milling spheres and metal precursor of the same initial shape and size allows to overcome some drawbacks and limitations distinctive of conventional bead-milling equipment, generally requiring complex operations of separation and recovery of milling media. The milling bead/nanoparticle diameter ratio obtained by this approach is higher than that typical of most previous wet bead milling techniques. The method described here represents a simple, one-pot, cost-effective, and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles starting from a bulky solid.

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Section: Composition Of the Vessel Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Low-Energy Wet Bead Milling of Metal Spheres

et al. 2019

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“…The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials has received progressively growing attention in recent years thanks to their versatility in a wide variety of technical applications, ranging from the medical [ 1 ] to industrial [ 2 ] and environmental [ 3 ] field. Many manufacturing processes can be adopted depending on the compound to be synthesized, which in general can be grouped into two opposite strategies, i.e., bottom-up and top-down methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles Synthesis in Wet-Operating Stirred Media: Investigation on the Grinding Efficiency

2020

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The use of nanomaterials, thanks to their peculiar properties and versatility, is becoming central in an increasing number of scientific and engineering applications. At the same time, the growing concern towards environmental issues drives the seeking of alternative strategies for a safer and more sustainable production of nanoparticles. Here we focus on a low-energy, magnetically-driven wet milling technique for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles starting from a bulky solid. The proposed approach is simple, economical, sustainable, and provides numerous advantages, including the minimization of the nanoparticles air dispersion and a greater control over the final product. This process is investigated by experiments and discrete element method simulations to reproduce the movement of the grinding beads and study the collision dynamics. The effect of several parameters is analyzed, including the stirring bar velocity, its inclination, and the grinding bead size, to quantify the actual frequency, energy, and angle of collisions. Experiments reveal a non-monotonous effect of the stirring velocity on the abrasion efficiency, whereas numerical simulations highlight the prevalent tangential nature of collisions, which is only weakly affected by the stirring velocity. On the other hand, the stirring velocity affects the collision frequency and relative kinetic energy, suggesting the existence of an optimal parameters combination. Although a small variation of the stirring bar length does not significantly affect the collision dynamics, the use of grinding beads of different dimensions offers several tuning opportunities.

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“…Among the critical building blocks for the petrochemical industry, ethylene is unrivaled in its demand, with production exceeding 143 million tons per year worldwide . The conventional steam cracking process to produce ethylene is the single most energy-consuming process in the chemical industry and is estimated to account for 60% of the production cost and 2/3 of the manufacturing carbon footprint .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the critical building blocks for the petrochemical industry, ethylene is unrivaled in its demand, with production exceeding 143 million tons per year worldwide. 1 The conventional steam cracking process to produce ethylene is the single most energy-consuming process in the chemical industry and is estimated to account for 60% of the production cost and 2/3 of the manufacturing carbon footprint. 2 It is recognized that established ethylene production from steam cracking of ethane or naphtha, optimized throughout the past several decades, is arduous to be replaced without significant breakthroughs in process intensifications and/or catalyst science.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Engineered, Highly Energy-Efficient Conversion of Ethane to Ethylene and Hydrogen below 550 °C in a Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cell

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Catal.

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Ethylene is one of the largest building blocks in the petrochemical industry, mainly produced by steam cracking of ethane derived from naphtha or shale gas at high temperatures (>800 °C). Despite its technical maturity and economic competitiveness, the thermal steam cracking of ethane is highly energy-intensive. Herein, an electrochemically engineered direct conversion process of ethane to produce hydrogen and ethylene using a planar protonic ceramic membrane reactor with a bi-functional three-dimensional catalytic electrode is reported, with a single-pass ethane conversion of 40% and ethylene yield of 26.7% at 550 °C. Compared with the industrial ethane steam cracking, this method saves process energy input by 45.1% and improves process energy efficiency by 50.6%, based on comprehensive process simulation using Aspen Plus software. Further, steam electrolysis treatment under the solid oxide electrolysis cell mode can regenerate the system’s catalytic performance and significantly alleviate catalytic degradation by 74%, demonstrating high techno-economic viability.

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Ethylene–air mixtures under flowing conditions: a model-based approach to explosion conditions

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Low-Energy Wet Bead Milling of Metal Spheres

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Low-Energy Wet Bead Milling of Metal Spheres

Nanoparticles Synthesis in Wet-Operating Stirred Media: Investigation on the Grinding Efficiency

Electrochemically Engineered, Highly Energy-Efficient Conversion of Ethane to Ethylene and Hydrogen below 550 °C in a Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cell

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