Ethylene and 1-butene copolymerization catalyzed by a Ziegler–Natta/Metallocene hybrid catalyst through a 23 factorial experimental design

Heterogeneous Copolymerization of Ethylene and α‐olefins Using Aluminohydride‐Zirconocene/SiO2/MAO by High‐Throughput Screening

“…The effect of the cocatalyst on single‐site polymerizations is well known. Usually, the activity increases when the cocatalyst ratio is increased, until a certain value, and after that, becomes a constant 13. For the interval of MAO/Zr ratio of 2,500 to 10,000 evaluated in these experiments, the catalyst activity remains almost constant.…”

“…Usually, the activity increases when the cocatalyst ratio is increased, until a certain value, and after that, becomes a constant. [13] For the interval of MAO/Zr ratio of 2,500 to 10,000 evaluated in these experiments, the catalyst activity remains almost constant. Therefore the polymerizations were carried out at MAO/Zr ratios of 2,500 or lower.…”

“…Comonomer incorporation was determined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy in a JEOL Eclipse 300. The 13 C NMR spectra were obtained at 100 8C in the equipment operating at 75 MHz.…”

Ziegler‐Natta/Metallocene Hybrid Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization

“…Several reviews and patents have been published about recent advances in olefin polymerization using binary catalyst systems 9–15. Catalysts can be combined in three ways: (1) in the catalyst transition, the second catalyst is introduced to the reactor in the middle of polymerization and can continue polymerization with or without (by deactivating) the first catalyst;16–19 (2) in the catalyst mixture, two independent catalysts are introduced to the reactor and start the polymerization together;16–27 (3) two catalysts can also be loaded on a support to form a new catalyst, named a hybrid catalyst 28–44…”

“…However, polyolefins are mostly obtained using Ziegler‐Natta catalysts, and less work has been done on the combination of different catalysts with these traditional catalysts 16–21, 36–44. There is great potential in combining different metallocene catalysts with Ziegler‐Natta catalysts, not only in order to introduce a metallocene catalyst into traditional processes, but also to combine the advantages of both catalytic systems.…”