Ethylene and plant responses to stress

Abstract

When plants are subject to a variety of stresses they often exhibit symptoms of exposure to ethylene. Although this relationship usually results from induction of ACC synthase thus raising the concentration of the precursor of ethylene, it is now apparent that there are numerous other ways that stresses produce ethylene‐like symptoms. This complex relationship between stress and ethylene‐like symptoms is here termed the stress ethylene syndrome. ACC synthase exists as a multi‐gene family whose individual members are differentially regulated, many by various stresses. In addition, ACC oxidase. AdoMet synthetase, enzymes in the Yang methionine cycle, and enzymes that conjugate ACC are regulated by stress. In more unusual cases, ethylene production is not increased by stress or may be reduced. There is evidence for stress effects on perception of ethylene and the potential exists that some steps of the ethylene signal transduction pathway may be influenced by stress. Because of the variability possible in the stress ethylene syndrome, it continues to be studied for a number of stresses and species. In particular, attention is being given to wounding, mechanical stress, drought, heat and water deficit stress, chilling, air pollution, chemical and salt stress, and low O2stress. It is becoming more apparent that a number of stress responses involve interactions with other hormones.

Survey of Plant Drought-Resistance Promoting Bacteria from Populus euphratica Tree Living in Arid Area

“…It may be because the slow drying in this study did not promote ethylene production. Therefore, as gradual drought caused less ethylene production, the effect of ACC deaminase was less evident [28]. Nitrogen fixation was considered to be an important factor of PGPB for their effect to host plant.…”

Interaction with ethylene: changing views on the role of abscisic acid in root and shoot growth responses to water stress

“…The commonality of the findings in maize, tomato and Arabidopsis suggests that restriction of ethylene production may be a widespread function of ABA, and that, as a result, endogenous ABA may often function to maintain rather than inhibit plant growth. In addition to root and shoot growth regulation, this hormonal interaction is likely to be relevant to other stress responses that are thought to involve ethylene, for example early leaf senescence and leaf, flower and fruit abscission (Morgan & Drew 1997). Moreover, because increases in ABA concentration and ethylene production occur in response to a range of environmental stress conditions, the findings may be of wide applicability.…”

New advances in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for bioremediation

“…Ethylene is important for plant growth (Deikman, 1997), while excessive ethylene promoted by stresses can depress growth (Morgan and Drew, 1997). PGPR have a positive effect on plant growth by consuming amino-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor to ethylene, through synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) to decrease the ethylene production in stressed plants (Hall et al, 1996;Reed and Glick, 2005;Safronova et al, 2006).…”