Ethylene-dependent effects of fusaric acid on the photosynthetic activity of tomato plants

Iqbal, Nadeem; Czékus, Zalán; Ördög, Attila; Poór, Péter

doi:10.32615/ps.2021.029

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…This result suggests that these physiological processes are not dependent on the presence of active ET signaling in tomato plants under FB1 exposure. Similar results reported the rapid closure of stomata and reduced photosynthetic activity under FA exposure (Wu et al 2008;Singh et al 2017;Iqbal et al 2021b). Nevertheless, both water consumption efficacy and water uptake are closely linked with the size of stomatal aperture (Romero-Aranda et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…On the other hand, the enhanced NPQ is considered as a good indicator for the induction of the photoprotective mechanisms which are mostly associated with the xanthophyll cycle and ΔpH formation in the thylakoid membranes (Miyake 2010;Zhang et al 2014). Our results depicted the enhanced NPQ in a concentration-dependent manner under FB1 exposure which was higher in WT than Nr plants under FB1 exposures after 72 h. Similar results were found upon exogenous application of another Fusarium toxin, fusaric acid (FA) to WT, and Nr tomato plants which resulted in the reduction of Y(II) and q P PSII parameters, while NPQ levels were elevated significantly (Iqbal et al 2021b). Furthermore, another study reported the role of ET on NPQ in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 mutants of Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Moreover, we found concentration-dependent effects of FB1 on these photosynthetic parameters. However, it was earlier reported that ACC and FA-induced increase in NPQ could not protect photosynthetic machinery effectively resulting in more ROS generation (Borbély et al 2019;Iqbal et al 2021b). Consequently, ET can play a role in the photoprotection under FB1 exposure as an important candidate of NPQ photoprotective mechanisms but did not limit the harmful effects of FB1 on PSII and PSI activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was found that another mycotoxin tenuazonic acid (TeA) produced by Alternaria alternata can also induce ROS accumulation and thus necrosis in several plant species by inhibiting the electron transport chain of PSII beyond Q A competing for Q B in D 1 protein (Chen et al 2014;Chen and Gallie 2015). Although several studies on mycotoxins (e.g., TeA or fusaric acid) have shown the dysfunction of chloroplasts and ROS-mediated cell death (Chen et al 2010;Iqbal et al 2021b), the effects of FB1 on chloroplast and photosynthesis or the effects of FB1-altered ROS metabolism remained unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fumonisin B1-Induced Oxidative Burst Perturbed Photosynthetic Activity and Affected Antioxidant Enzymatic Response in Tomato Plants in Ethylene-Dependent Manner

Iqbal

Czékus

Angeli³

et al. 2022

J Plant Growth Regul

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Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a harmful mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, which results in oxidative stress leading to cell death in plants. FB1 perturbs the metabolism of sphingolipids and causes growth and yield reduction. This study was conducted to assess the role of ethylene in the production and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in the leaves of wild type (WT) and ethylene receptor mutant Never ripe (Nr) tomato and to elucidate the FB1-induced phytotoxic effects on the photosynthetic activity and antioxidant mechanisms triggered by FB1 stress. FB1 exposure resulted in significant ethylene emission in a concentration-dependent manner in both genotypes. Moreover, FB1 significantly affected the photosynthetic parameters of PSII and PSI and activated photoprotective mechanisms, such as non-photochemical quenching in both genotypes, especially under 10 µM FB1 concentration. Further, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced in both genotypes in a FB1 dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, lipid peroxidation and loss of cell viability were also more pronounced in WT as compared to Nr leaves indicating the role of ethylene in cell death induction in the leaves. Thus, FB1-induced oxidative stress affected the working efficiency of PSI and PSII in both tomato genotypes. However, ethylene-dependent antioxidant enzymatic defense mechanisms were activated by FB1 and showed significantly elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (18.6%), ascorbate peroxidase (129.1%), and glutathione S-transferase activities (66.62%) in Nr mutants as compared to WT tomato plants confirming the role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and defense mechanisms under the mycotoxin exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fumonisin B1-Induced Oxidative Burst Perturbed Photosynthetic Activity and Affected Antioxidant Enzymatic Response in Tomato Plants in Ethylene-Dependent Manner

Iqbal

Czékus

Angeli³

et al. 2022

J Plant Growth Regul

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“…Paired molecules of chlorophyll a absorb at 680 nm in the PSII, and at 700 nm in the PSI [88]. The decrease in the absorbance of red light, therefore, is a sign of a non-effective quantum yield of PSII and PSI [89], which in the initial stage of the wilting progression can be explained by the degradation of chlorophyll a and peroxidation of the thylacoid plasmalemma due to the photoprotective action of ethylene induced by exposure to F. oxysporum toxin, accompanied also by a significant reduction in stomatal conductance [90]. Indeed, this evidence is consistent with the results of previous research concerning chlorophyll-associated VIs that are highly correlated with F. oxysporum disease progression on Physalis peruviana L. [91], and on banana [92].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Wild Rocket Tracheofusariosis Using Hyperspectral Image-Based Machine Learning

et al. 2021

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani is responsible for wilting wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. [D.C.]). A machine learning model based on hyperspectral data was constructed to monitor disease progression. Thus, pathogenesis after artificial inoculation was monitored over a 15-day period by symptom assessment, qPCR pathogen quantification, and hyperspectral imaging. The host colonization by a pathogen evolved accordingly with symptoms as confirmed by qPCR. Spectral data showed differences as early as 5-day post infection and 12 hypespectral vegetation indices were selected to follow disease development. The hyperspectral dataset was used to feed the XGBoost machine learning algorithm with the aim of developing a model that discriminates between healthy and infected plants during the time. The multiple cross-prediction strategy of the pixel-level models was able to detect hyperspectral disease profiles with an average accuracy of 0.8. For healthy pixel detection, the mean Precision value was 0.78, the Recall was 0.88, and the F1 Score was 0.82. For infected pixel detection, the average evaluation metrics were Precision: 0.73, Recall: 0.57, and F1 Score: 0.63. Machine learning paves the way for automatic early detection of infected plants, even a few days after infection.

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Fusaric acid-evoked oxidative stress affects plant defence system by inducing biochemical changes at subcellular level

Iqbal,

Czékus,

Ördög

et al. 2023

Plant Cell Rep

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Fusaric acid (FA) is one of the most harmful phytotoxins produced in various plant–pathogen interactions. Fusarium species produce FA as a secondary metabolite, which can infect many agronomic crops at all stages of development from seed to fruit, and FA production can further compromise plant survival because of its phytotoxic effects. FA exposure in plant species adversely affects plant growth, development and crop yield. FA exposure in plants leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause cellular damage and ultimately cell death. Therefore, FA-induced ROS accumulation in plants has been a topic of interest for many researchers to understand the plant–pathogen interactions and plant defence responses. In this study, we reviewed the FA-mediated oxidative stress and ROS-induced defence responses of antioxidants, as well as hormonal signalling in plants. The effects of FA phytotoxicity on lipid peroxidation, physiological changes and ultrastructural changes at cellular and subcellular levels were reported. Additionally, DNA damage, cell death and adverse effects on photosynthesis have been explained. Some possible approaches to overcome the harmful effects of FA in plants were also discussed. It is concluded that FA-induced ROS affect the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system regulated by phytohormones. The effects of FA are also associated with other photosynthetic, ultrastructural and genotoxic modifications in plants. Graphical abstract

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Ethylene-dependent effects of fusaric acid on the photosynthetic activity of tomato plants

Cited by 13 publications

References 99 publications

Fumonisin B1-Induced Oxidative Burst Perturbed Photosynthetic Activity and Affected Antioxidant Enzymatic Response in Tomato Plants in Ethylene-Dependent Manner

Fumonisin B1-Induced Oxidative Burst Perturbed Photosynthetic Activity and Affected Antioxidant Enzymatic Response in Tomato Plants in Ethylene-Dependent Manner

Early Detection of Wild Rocket Tracheofusariosis Using Hyperspectral Image-Based Machine Learning

Fusaric acid-evoked oxidative stress affects plant defence system by inducing biochemical changes at subcellular level

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