Ethylene inhibitors enhance in vitro root formation from apple shoot cultures

Abstract

Effects of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and three ethylene inhibitors, AgNO 3 , aminoethoxyvinyglycine (AVG) and CoCl 2 , on root formation were tested in vitro using shoot cultures of the apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) cultivar Royal Gala. ACC inhibited root formation by delaying root emergence and increasing callus formation at the bases of shoots. In contrast, ethylene inhibitors promoted root formation. Both AgNO 3 and AVG at the appropriate concentrations increased the percentage of shoots producing roots and reduced callus formation at the base of these shoots. AgNO 3 stimulated root emergence and enhanced root growth, while AVG increased the number of roots per shoot. CoCl 2 slightly increased root number and rooting efficiency. These promotive effects may result from a reduction in ethylene concentration or inhibition of ethylene action. The results found in this study may be used to improve the rooting efficiency of other apple cultivars and rootstocks, and possibly of other plant species.

Characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase containing Methylobacterium oryzae and interactions with auxins and ACC regulation of ethylene in canola (Brassica campestris)

“…Ethylene, the gaseous plant hormone, is involved in a wide range of biological processes in the vital cycle of plants. Low concentrations of ethylene appeared to enhance root extension, while higher concentrations produced by fast growing roots, lead to inhibition of root elongation (Ma et al 1998). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the main auxin in plants controls important physiological processes.…”

Regulation of ethylene levels in canola (Brassica campestris) by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-containing Methylobacterium fujisawaense

“…Interestingly, ethylene can promote and inhibit growth depending on the cell type and plant species (Lehman et al 1996). Low levels of ethylene appear to enhance root extension; higher levels of ethylene, produced by fast growing roots, can lead to inhibition of root elongation (Mattoo and Suttle 1991;Ma et al 1998). In general, shoot and root elongation is normally inhibited by ethylene (Abeles et al 1992) and high levels of ethylene are known to cause proliferation of small lateral roots (Mayak et al 1999).…”

Alleviation of Salt Stress in Legumes by Co-inoculation with Pseudomonas and Rhizobium

“…Soil salinity reduces plant growth and photosynthesis due to the complex negative effects of osmotic, ionic, and nutritional interactions (Shannon 1997 ;Shirokova et al 2000 ). Salinity stress increases levels of ethylene that signifi cantly inhibits shoot and root elongation and reduces plant height and overall growth (Ma et al 1998 ;Klassen and Bugbee 2002 ).…”