Ethylene

Bioethylene Production from Ethanol: A Review and Techno‐economical Evaluation

“…The bottom streams of the scrubber and the separator are then fed to the hydrogenator, where acetaldehyde is converted into ethanol on a nickel‐packed catalyst. In the acetaldehyde separator column, the unreacted acetaldehyde is removed and recycled to the hydrogenator, and the bottom stream is fed to the light and the heavy (purifier) columns to increase the ethanol concentration . It should be noted that the ethanol‐water mixture forms an azeotrope mixture which needs special distillation techniques which eventually increase the costs of the plant .…”

“…It is more difficult to control the temperature of bigger tubes. Thus, the possibility to scale up to large capacities is limited , , , .…”

“…Ethylene is a good starter molecule to build on due to its simple chemical formula combined with the double bond. It is also the raw material for the production of different grades of polyethylene and other bulk and base chemicals , . Straight chain olefins can be produced by the oligomerization of ethylene through a process developed by Shell called the Shell higher olefin process (SHOP).…”

“…Straight chain olefins can be produced by the oligomerization of ethylene through a process developed by Shell called the Shell higher olefin process (SHOP). These higher chain hydrocarbons ( α ‐olefins) are used primarily as comonomers to produce linear low‐density polyethylene and to manufacture detergents and synthetic lubricants as well as gasoline, diesel, and jet blend stocks . For example, ethylene oxide, produced by oxidation of ethylene, is a key raw material in the production of surfactants and detergents.…”

“…Another major chemical intermediate obtained by alkylation of ethylene is ethylbenzene which is precursor for styrene production. Styrene is utilized for manufacturing of polystyrene for insulation, packaging, rubber for tires, and footwear , .…”