Ethylene Sensitivity and Response Sensor Expression in Petioles of Rumex Species at Low O2 and High CO2 Concentrations

Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J.; Vriezen, Wim H.; Smekens, M. J. E.; Huitink, F.H.M.; Bögemann, Gerard M.; Blom, C.W.P.M.

doi:10.1104/pp.114.4.1501

Cited by 59 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is consistent with earlier findings that submergence-induced growth rates usually exceed those obtained under ethylene fumigation ( Fig. 1D; Voesenek et al, 1997). Interestingly, 1-MCP completely leveled off the differences in underwater growth rates between the two accessions ( Fig.…”

Section: Variation Between Accessions Comes From An Ethylene-controllsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endogenous Abscisic Acid as a Key Switch for Natural Variation in Flooding-Induced Shoot Elongation

et al. 2010

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Elongation of leaves and stem is a key trait for survival of terrestrial plants during shallow but prolonged floods that completely submerge the shoot. However, natural floods at different locations vary strongly in duration and depth, and, therefore, populations from these locations are subjected to different selection pressure, leading to intraspecific variation. Here, we identified the signal transduction component that causes response variation in shoot elongation among two accessions of the wetland plant Rumex palustris. These accessions differed 2-fold in petiole elongation rates upon submergence, with fast elongation found in a population from a river floodplain and slow elongation in plants from a lake bank. Fast petiole elongation under water consumes carbohydrates and depends on the (inter)action of the plant hormones ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellic acid. We found that carbohydrate levels and dynamics in shoots did not differ between the fast and slow elongating plants, but that the level of ethylene-regulated abscisic acid in petioles, and hence gibberellic acid responsiveness of these petioles explained the difference in shoot elongation upon submergence. Since this is the exact signal transduction level that also explains the variation in flooding-induced shoot elongation among plant species (namely, R. palustris and Rumex acetosa), we suggest that natural selection results in similar modification of regulatory pathways within and between species.

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Section: Variation Between Accessions Comes From An Ethylene-controllsupporting

confidence: 93%

Endogenous Abscisic Acid as a Key Switch for Natural Variation in Flooding-Induced Shoot Elongation

et al. 2010

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“…Oxygen can influence, in at least two ways, the process of stimulated petiole elongation ; sub-ambient O # concentrations can sensitize petiole tissue to ethylene (Blom et al, 1994 ;Voesenek et al, 1997a), and can reduce the rate of ethylene production because of the requirement of molecular oxygen for the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene catalysed by ACC oxidase (Yang & Hoffman, 1984 ;Kende, 1993 ;Banga et al, 1996). Furthermore, leaf elongation rate of R. palustris through the day was found to change dramatically when exogenous O # concentration was altered ; in norm-oxic conditions elongation rate increased during the dark period and decreased in the light, whereas in a 3 kPa O # atmosphere maximum elongation rates were found well into the light period (Voesenek et al, 1997b).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In R. palustris, a change from ambient to 3-12 kPa pO # strongly stimulated petiole elongation (Blom et al, 1994 ;Voesenek et al, 1997b). This growth enhancement is ethylenemediated and correlates with an increase in ethylene sensitivity and the transcript level of a putative ethylene receptor gene in R. palustris (Voesenek et al, 1997b ;Vriezen et al, 1997). Our micro-electrode study has demonstrated clearly that during submergence in the light, O # levels in petioles of intact R. palustris plants decline within a few hours to growth promoting levels (3-10 kPa).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxygen in submergence‐induced petiole elongation in Rumex palustris: in situ measurements of oxygen in petioles of intact plants using micro‐electrodes

et al. 2000

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In a study on the mechanism of stimulated petiole elongation in submerged plants, oxygen concentrations in petioles of the flood-tolerant plant Rumex palustris were measured with micro-electrodes. Short-term submergence lowered petiole partial oxygen pressure to c. 19 kPa whereas prolonged submergence under continuous illumination depressed oxygen levels to c. 8-12 kPa after 24 h. Oxygen levels in petioles depended on the presence of the lamina, even in submerged conditions, and on available light. In darkness, petiole oxygen levels in submerged plants dropped quickly to values as low as 0.5-4 kPa. It is hypothesized that prolonged submergence in the light is accompanied by a decrease in carbon dioxide in the petiole. Submergence-enhanced petiolar elongation rate was compared with emergent plants. Peak daily elongation rates occurred at the end of the dark period in emergent plants, but in the middle of the light period in submerged plants. We suggest that this shift in daily elongation pattern is induced by dependence of growth on photosynthetically derived oxygen in submerged plants. Implications of reduced oxygen for ethylene production are raised. Levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and ethylene sensitivity are cited as potential factors in hypoxia-induced ethylene release.

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“…The main source of this energy and solutes are storage compounds (starch) and the reallocation of dry matter [26,27]. Partial O 2 shortage and CO 2 enrichment can amplify this stimulated elongation [28]. This explains why the control group without ethanol as a solvent shows less growth rate regarding shoot length than the solvent control and the treatment groups ( Figure 3A) because already least concentrations of ethanol cause a decline in O 2 and increase of CO 2 in the water in consequence of its microbial degradation.…”

Section: Rapid Extension Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of heterophylly on the sensitivity of Myriophyllum aquaticum biotests

Ebke¹,

Felten

Dören³

2013

Environ Sci Eur

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Background: Parrot feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) is an amphibious macrophyte with an inducible heterophylly. M. aquaticum plants adapted to the emersed state have leaves with a distinct cuticle and water repellent properties. In contrast M. aquaticum plants adapted to the submerged state have leaves typical for submerged hydrophytes with a strongly reduced cuticle. The aim of the study was to evaluate if this heterophylly of M. aquaticum affects the results of macrophyte biotests. Therefore, the two model substances atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were tested each with three M. aquaticum biotests, the only modified parameter being the adaptation time to submergence (0, 7, 28 days). Results: Root length was the most sensitive growth endpoint regarding the test substances atrazine and 2,4-D. Biotests with plants adapted to the submerged state show three times more sensitive results (EC50 7d 142.2 μg/L, EC50 28d 154.5 μg/L) than biotests with plants without an adaptation phase (EC50 0d 458.8 μg/L) in case of atrazine and five times more sensitive results (EC50 28d 46.9 μg/L, EC50 0d 246.3 μg/L) in case of 2,4-D. Apart from the differences in sensitivity, the differently adapted M. aquaticum plants show a completely different growth behavior. The growth rates based on shoot length were nearly ten times higher in the biotests with not adapted M. aquaticum plants than in the biotests with plants 28 days adapted to submergence. Additional measurements of the quantum yield of PSII could demonstrate that rapid growth in length is not based on photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Conclusions: The heterophylly of M. aquaticum affects significantly the sensitivity of aquatic macrophyte biotests and should be taken into account in the development of a standardized test design. The 2,4-D results show the importance of an additional macrophyte biotest to the Lemna test, where the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) value is more than 30 times lower (7 μg/L) than the NOEC value of Lemna in the literature (270 μg/L). Furthermore, the growth rate endpoint in macrophyte biotests should not be misinterpreted. Rapid shoot elongation of amphibious macrophytes, which become submerged, is mainly caused by ethylene-triggered endogenous processes that are not connected to photosynthetic carbon assimilation and appear to be part of a stress reaction to avoid adverse environmental conditions.

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Ethylene Sensitivity and Response Sensor Expression in Petioles of Rumex Species at Low O2 and High CO2 Concentrations

Cited by 59 publications

References 31 publications

Endogenous Abscisic Acid as a Key Switch for Natural Variation in Flooding-Induced Shoot Elongation

Endogenous Abscisic Acid as a Key Switch for Natural Variation in Flooding-Induced Shoot Elongation

The role of oxygen in submergence‐induced petiole elongation in Rumex palustris: in situ measurements of oxygen in petioles of intact plants using micro‐electrodes

Impact of heterophylly on the sensitivity of Myriophyllum aquaticum biotests

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