Ethylene stimulates the accumulation of ripening-related mRNAs in tomatoes

Maunders, Martin J.; Holdsworth, Michael J.; Slater, A.; Knapp, Julie; Bird, Colin R.; Schuch, Wolfgang; Grierson, Don

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1987.tb02095.x

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This increase in ethylene appears to play a pivotal role in ripening by triggering the expression of several ripening-specific genes involved in many of the subsequent changes associated with the ripening process (Yang, 1985). A number of ripening-related mRNAs have been shown to accumulate in response to ethylene (Lincoln et al, 1987;Maunders et al, 1987). Similarly, we have shown that treatment with this hormone is able to induce the expression of BanU in green banana fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

A cDNA Clone Highly Expressed in Ripe Banana Fruit Shows Homology to Pectate Lyases

et al. 1997

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A cDNA clone (Banl7), encoding a protein homologous to pectate lyase, has been isolated from a cDNA library from climacteric banana fruit by means of differential screening. Northern analysis showed that Banl7 mRNA is first detected in early climacteric fruit, reaches a steady-state maximum at the climacteric peak, and declines thereafter in overripe fruit. Accumulation of the Banl7 transcript can be induced in green banana fruit by exogenous application of ethylene. This demonstrates that expression of this gene is under hormonal control, its induction being regulated by the rapid increase in ethylene production at the onset of ripening. The deduced amino acid sequence derived from the Banl7 cDNA shares significant identity with pectate lyases from pollen and plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Erwinia. Similarity to bacterial pectate lyases that were proven to break down the pectic substances of the plant cell wall suggest that Banl7 might play a role in the loss of mesocarp firmness during fruit ripening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

A cDNA Clone Highly Expressed in Ripe Banana Fruit Shows Homology to Pectate Lyases

et al. 1997

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“…The cloning of these two genes is now allowing a more precise analysis of the functions of ethylene during plant development. The most extensively studied of these is the role of ethylene in inducing and coordinating the changes in gene expression which occur during the ripening of climacteric fruit (Abeles, 1973;Christoffersen et a/., 1982;Davies and Grierson, 1989;Davies et a/., 1988Davies et a/., , 1990Grierson et a/., 1986a;Lincoln et a/., 1987;Maunders et a/., 1987;Yang and Hoffman, 1984). Recently, tomato plants in which the synthesis of the ethylene precursor ACC was almost completely inhibited by an ACC-synthase antisense transgene have been described (Oeller eta/., 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene‐forming enzyme transgene

et al. 1993

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SummaryTomato plants in which the synthesis of ethyleneforming enzyme (EFE) had been inhibited by an antisense gene were used to study the role of ethylene in fruit ripening at the biochemical and molecular level. A reduction in total lycopene accumulation was observed in EFE-antisense fruit ripened both on and off the plant. The rate of over-ripening and fruit spoilage was also reduced in the EFE-antisense fruit The degree of inhibition of ripening was shown to be dependent upon the stage of development at which the fruit were detached from the plant. The effects on ripening in EFE-antisense fruit were much more pronounced when fruit were detached from the vine before the onset of colour change, and were associated with changes in the level of accumulation of mRNAs homologous to a number Of previously characterized ripening-related cDNAs. The retarded ripening of detached EFE-antisense fruit could be partially restored by ethylene treatment. In addition to changes observed in ripening fruit, a temporal delay in the onset of foliar senescence was observed in EFE-antisense plants, indicating that the physiological effects of the EFEantisense gene, and the associated reduction in ethylene evolution, are not confined specifically to fruit ripening.

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“…Furthermore, the expression of many genes encoding enzymes that give rise to the ripe phenotype is known to be regulated by ethylene (Lincoln et al, 1987;Maunders et al, 1987;Zegzouti et al, 1999).…”

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Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by theGreen-ripeandNever-ripe 2Ripening Mutants of Tomato

et al. 2005

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The ripening of a fleshy fruit represents the summation of an array of biochemical processes that are regulated by interactions between developmental programs and environmental inputs. Analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutants and inhibitor studies indicate that ethylene is necessary for full development of the ripening program of climacteric fruit such as tomato, yet ethylene alone is not sufficient. This suggests that an interaction between ethylene and nonethylene (or developmental) pathways mediates ripening. In this study, we have examined the physiological basis for ripening inhibition of the dominant Green-ripe (Gr) and Never-ripe 2 (Nr-2) mutants of tomato. Our data suggest that this inhibition is due to ethylene insensitivity in mutant fruit. Further investigation of ethylene responses in Gr and Nr-2 plants also revealed weak ethylene insensitivity during floral senescence and abscission and, during inhibition of root elongation, a phenotype associated with the triple response. However, ethylene-induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and petiole epinasty are normal in Gr and Nr-2, suggesting that these loci regulate a subset of ethylene responses. We have mapped both dominant mutations to a 2-cM overlapping region of the long arm of chromosome 1 of tomato, a region not previously linked to any known ethylene signaling loci. The phenotypic similarity and overlapping map location of these mutations suggest Gr and Nr-2 may be allelic and may possibly encode a novel component of the ethylene response pathway.The ripening of a fruit represents the culmination of a series of biochemical processes that have evolved as a mechanism of seed dispersal. In the case of fleshy fruits, the changes that occur during ripening impart desirable characteristics to the fruit such as bright colors, softening, and sugar and volatile accumulation that attract animals and birds to aid dispersal. Fruits also form an essential component of the human diet providing sources of sugars, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Therefore, the study of fruit ripening is of importance to both basic plant biology and agriculture.Although there is great diversity in fruit anatomy and phenotypes, the biochemical changes that occur during ripening are conserved in many plant species. For example, research carried out on diverse species indicates that at the onset of ripening there is often a coordinated increase in gene expression and enzyme activity of many proteins involved in cell wall metabolism, pigment synthesis, and sugar metabolism (Seymour et al., 1993). These data suggest that the genetic mechanisms that regulate fruit ripening are likely conserved. Little is known of the identities of these genetic pathways, although experiments, largely performed using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), have led to the hypothesis that ripening in climacteric fruits such as tomato, banana, apple, and stone fruits is regulated by ethylene dependent and independent pathways (Adams-Phillips et al., 2004a;Giovannoni, 2004).The involvement...

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Ethylene stimulates the accumulation of ripening-related mRNAs in tomatoes

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

A cDNA Clone Highly Expressed in Ripe Banana Fruit Shows Homology to Pectate Lyases

A cDNA Clone Highly Expressed in Ripe Banana Fruit Shows Homology to Pectate Lyases

Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene‐forming enzyme transgene

Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by theGreen-ripeandNever-ripe 2Ripening Mutants of Tomato

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