Etiological Factors in Gastrointestinal Cancer in Man

Higginson, John

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12796-4_2

Cited by 51 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Also, the amount of beer drinking by alcoholics is largely unknown; alcoholism is usually associated with heavy wine or liquor consumption. Three case-control studies of intestinal cancer, one in Kansas (Higginson, 1966), another in Finland (Pernu, 1960), and the above-mentioned one in Norway (Bjelke, 1971(Bjelke, , 1973 showed no significant relationship with beer drinking. However, it should be noted that these three studies were conducted in areas known to be low in beer consumption (Breslow and Enstrom, 1974) and also that the results, except for those in Norway, were not analysed for colonic and rectal cancer separately.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…PREVIOus epidemiological studies of bowel cancer (colonic and rectal cancer) have revealed several possible risk factors including obesity (Wynder and Shigematsu, 1967), constipation (Pernu, 1960;Higginson, 1966;Wynder and Shigematsu, 1967;Haenzel et al, 1973), use of laxatives (Boyd and Doll, 1954;Higginson, 1966;Wynder and Shigematsu, 1967), beer drinking (Wynder and Shigematsu, 1967; Stocks, 1957;Bjelke, 1974b), meat consumption (Haenszel et al, 1973;Rjelke, 1974a; Phillips, 1975), low fibre consumption (Modan et al, 1975), and other dietary factors (Wynder et al, 1969;Bjelke 1971Bjelke , 1973Haenzel et al, 1973), as well as race (Wynder et al, 1969;Haenszel et at., 1973) and geography (Wynder et al, 1969;Bjelke, 1971Bjelke, , 1973Haenszel et al, 1973). This entire subject has been exhaustively reviewed elsewhere by Bjelke (1974c), with additional contributions by Gori (1975) and Enstrom (1975a).…”

Section: Received 1 September 1976 Accepted 25 October 1976mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colorectal cancer and beer drinking

Enstrom¹

1977

Br J Cancer

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Section: Review Of Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Received 1 September 1976 Accepted 25 October 1976mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer and beer drinking

Enstrom¹

1977

Br J Cancer

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“…Michels et al (36) reported separate RR from two large US cohorts in their study, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (36a) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) (36b) ; we counted the report as two prospective studies. Finally, our meta-analysis included twenty-five case-control (11,15,20,26,(28)(29)(30)(31)(33)(34)(35)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51) and sixteen cohort studies (17,19,21-25,27,32,36a,36b,37,52-55) .…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Ma²,

Zhang³

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Separate meta-analyses based on case-control and cohort studies have reported different results on the relationship between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk. To clarify the effect of coffee intake on colorectal cancer risk, we performed a meta-analysis based on both case-control and cohort studies. Design: Review study. Setting: We identified case-control and cohort studies related to coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk listed on MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and PubMed (until May 2011). In subgroup analyses using case-control studies, significant inverse associations were found in females for colorectal cancer and in Europe for colorectal and colon cancer, while the subgroup analyses of cohort studies found that coffee drinks substantially decreased risk of colon cancer only in Asian women. Conclusions: Results from case-control studies suggest coffee consumption can significantly decrease the risks of colorectal cancer and colon cancer, especially in Europe and for females. Keywords Colorectal cancer Coffee Meta-analysis Observational studiesColorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women worldwide, with over 1?2 million new cancer cases and 608 700 deaths occurring in 2008 (1) . It is well known that obesity, smoking and physical inactivity are important risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, nutritional factors such as alcohol, tea, coffee, etc. have also been considered to play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (2) .Coffee is a complex mixture of more than a thousand chemicals, and these constituents have potential genotoxic and mutagenic properties, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities to affect colorectal cancer risk (3) . Over the last four decades, the relationship between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk has been extensively examined (4) . In 1990, a Working Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer reviewed the data on coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk and concluded that in man 'there is some evidence of an inverse relation between coffee drinking and cancer of the large bowel' (3) . However, the relationship between coffee intake and colorectal cancer risk appears inconsistent in case-control studies and cohort studies. To clarify the relationship between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk, Giovannucci performed a meta-analysis in 1998 and reported an overall OR/relative ratio (RR) for high v. low coffee intake of 0?72 (95 % CI 0?61, 0?84) and 0?97 (95 % CI 0?73, 1?29) after combining the results of twelve case-control studies and five cohort studies, respectively (5) . A subsequent meta-analysis (6) and a pooled analysis (7) for cohort studies showed no significant inverse associations; however, another meta-analysis in 2011 *Corresponding authors: Email

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“…These differences may be partly due to the American negro population being older than the Nigerian, and partly to environmental factors like those previously postulated to account for the difference in colon cancer incidence between these populations. THERE ARE several reports on the relatively high age standardized incidence rates or frequencies of colon cancer in American negroes (Doll, 1969;Doll, Payne and Waterhouse, 1966;Burkitt, 1971) compared with rates for this type of tumour in West Africans who are ethnologically related to them (Higginson, 1967;Doll, Muir and Waterhouse, 1970;Kovi and Heshmat, 1973). It has been suggested that differences in diet, in addition to other factors such as stool weight, faecal transit time and bacterial flora, may be of aetiological significance in intestinal carcinogenesis (Burkitt, 1971;Hill et al, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal polyps in American negroes and Nigerian africans

Williams¹,

Chung²,

Agbata³

et al. 1975

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Forty Africans from Nigeria and 89 American negroes with colorectal polyps were analysed by age, sex and type of polyp. The Nigerians were much the younger group (mostly under 20 years of age, whereas most of the American negroes were over 50) and 'far fewer of their polyps were truly neoplastic (7.5% compared with 87% of the Americans). These differences may be partly due to the American negro population being older than the Nigerian, and partly to environmental factors like those previously postulated to account for the difference in colon cancer incidence between these populations.

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Etiological Factors in Gastrointestinal Cancer in Man

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Colorectal cancer and beer drinking

Colorectal cancer and beer drinking

Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Intestinal polyps in American negroes and Nigerian africans

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