Etiologies of Hospitalized Acute Bronchiolitis in Children 2 Years of Age and Younger: A 3 Years' Study During a Pertussis Epidemic

Chen, Sainan; Wang, Yuqing; Li, An‐Rong; Jiang, Wujun; Xu, Qian; Wu, Min; Hao, Chuangli; Shao, Xunjun; Xu, Jun

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.621381

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Bronchiolitis is a common infection of small airways in young children less than 2 years old in the winter season with a significant number of admissions in Pediatric wards. 12,13 It is diagnosed usually on clinical assessment of children. Supportive care is the standard treatment for acute bronchiolitis due to its self-limiting nature and good outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Treatment with Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline Versus Nebulized 0.9% Saline In Patients With Acute Bronchiolitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Abid,

Afzal,

Zaman

et al. 2024

JRMC

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Objective: To establish the therapeutic role of nebulized hypertonic saline solution in the management of acute bronchiolitis in terms of primary and secondary outcomes. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in the Pediatric department of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi for 8 months from September 2021 to April 2022 after ethical approval. A total of 65 cases of acute bronchiolitis were enrolled who were divided into two groups. The intervention group was nebulized with 3 ml of 3% hypertonic saline 6 hourly while the control group was nebulized with 0.9% saline 6 hourly during hospital stay in addition to the standard treatment. Children in both groups were monitored in terms of clinical severity score, feeding, hydration status, length of hospital stay, duration of oxygen supplementation, development of any adverse effect, and outcome (length of hospital stay and clinical severity score) was observed. Data was collected on a predesigned proforma, and SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Two groups were comparable for age, gender, and baseline characteristics including clinical severity score. Length of hospital stay was significantly less in the hypertonic saline group 75.53 ±43 .87 versus 45.92 ± 12.19 (p-value 0.000). Similarly, in patients requiring oxygen, treatment with hypertonic saline significantly reduced the duration of nebulization, 27.21 ±26.20 versus 10.67± 7.91 (p-value 0.03). However clinical severity score between the two groups was not different, 5.42 ± 2.88 in the saline group and 4.50 ± 2.88 p value 0.921. Conclusion: Nebulization with hypertonic saline reduces oxygen requirement and benefits in reducing the length of hospital stay. Keywords: Bronchiolitis, Hypertonic saline (HS), Normal saline (NS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Treatment with Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline Versus Nebulized 0.9% Saline In Patients With Acute Bronchiolitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Abid,

Afzal,

Zaman

et al. 2024

JRMC

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“…Although B. pertussis is a pathogen of the upper respiratory tract, we found quite a lot of patients occurred pneumonia in our study, which was consistent with some previous studies ( 20 ). It may be related to the children prone to co-infection with Haemophilus influenza and Parainfluenza virus type 3 and other pathogens ( 28 , 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pertussis in children and their close contacts in households: A cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, China

et al. 2022

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BackgroundDespite the expanded immunization programs, the “re-emergence of pertussis” has become a global concern in recent years. At present, the prevalence of pertussis in China is seriously underestimated, and the role of close contact on the disease spreading in children remains unclear.ObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate pertussis’s epidemiological and clinical characteristics in children and their close contacts in households, as well as the antimicrobial resistance of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) in Zhejiang Province, China.MethodsWe have collected the retrospective and prospective data of children who were suspected of pertussis and their close contacts in households from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, in the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and cultured for B. pertussis. Antibiotics susceptibility test was determined by using E-test methods. Clinical information was collected from the medical records systems.ResultsA total of 350 index patients and their 946 family members (close contacts in households) from 350 families were recruited. B. pertussis strains were isolated from 130 (37.1%) index patients and 116 (12.3%) close contacts. 37 index patients had negative culture results for B. pertussis while their close contacts were positive. A higher positive rate was found in female adults than that in male adults (16.3% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.01). The positive rate in index patients from multi-child families was significantly higher than that from one-child families (51.7% vs. 37.7%, P < 0.05). 53.3% of the pertussis patients were under 6 months of age. 98 (75.4%) isolates had MICs ≥ 256 mg/L to erythromycin, azithromycin, and clindamycin, and 127 (97.7%) had MICs < 0.016 mg/L to piperacillin.ConclusionInfants under 6 months of age are at high risk of pertussis, and close contacts in households are prone to cluster infection. Culture for B. pertussis both in children and their close contacts contributes to improving the diagnosis rate of pertussis in children. Isolates of B. pertussis in China are highly resistant to macrolides.

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“…В одном из исследований показано, что B. pertussis встречалась у 7,1 % больных с ОБ (у 39,7 % де тей в возрасте до 3 мес. ), при этом пик заболеваемости приходился на май, а клиническая картина была более мягкой, чем при РСВ [17].…”

Section: этиология и факторы риска тяжелого течения об у де тейunclassified

A modern view on the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care units: a review

Tsygankov¹,

Ovsyannikov

Афуков

et al. 2022

Annals of Critical Care

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INTRODUCTION. The literature has accumulated enough data on the treatment of children with acute bronchiolitis (OB). However, this information is formed mainly on the general population of patients with OB and is often not applicable to patients with a severe course of the disease. From the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, routine use of medications is not recommended in modern consent documents, and there are also no clear recommendations on respiratory support and certain aspects of intensive care in children with OB. OBJECTIVES. To analyze approaches to therapy in children with severe acute course in need of intensive care, and to assess the validity, effectiveness and safety of the use of the analyzed groups of drugs and respiratory strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis of publications in the electronic databases PubMed and the Russian Scientific Citation Index on the keywords “bronchiolitis”, “intensive care units”, “critical care”, “fluid therapy”, “respiratory therapy”, “ventilation”, “co-morbidity”; “respiratory syncytial virus”; “hypertonic saline” was carried out, “corticosteroids”; “epinephrine”; “high-flow oxygen therapy”, “inhalation”, “infant”, “bronchiolitis in children”. The date of the last search is January 15, 2022. RESULTS. This systematic review provides information on the etiology and risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, studies on the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome are characterized, including in the intensive care unit with glucocorticosteroids, inhalations of bronchodilators, epinephrine, 3 % hypertonic sodium chloride solution, respiratory support, high-flow oxygenation, noninvasive ventilation, artificial ventilation, antibiotics, air-helium mixture. CONCLUSIONS. Currently, there is more information that infants with OB show a high degree of heterogeneity, while the main uncertainty lies in a misunderstanding of the processes, which patients will benefit most from a particular treatment method. Further research is needed to fill the research deficit in children with a severe course of OB.

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Etiologies of Hospitalized Acute Bronchiolitis in Children 2 Years of Age and Younger: A 3 Years' Study During a Pertussis Epidemic

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Comparing Treatment with Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline Versus Nebulized 0.9% Saline In Patients With Acute Bronchiolitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparing Treatment with Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline Versus Nebulized 0.9% Saline In Patients With Acute Bronchiolitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pertussis in children and their close contacts in households: A cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, China

A modern view on the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care units: a review

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