Etiology and Outcome of Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Brunham, Robert C.; Binns, B. A. O.; Guijon, Fernando B.; Danforth, Douglas R.; Kosseim, M. L.; Rand, F.; McDowell, J.; Rayner, Eleanor

doi:10.1093/infdis/158.3.510

Cited by 132 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Infection of women constitutes a significant risk for the development of serious sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and reproductive disability [3][4][5][6]. The cost of treating these infections approaches 4 billion dollars annually, with 80% of these costs attributed to infection and disease of women [2].…”

Section: The Effect Of Doxycycline Treatment On the Development Of Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Doxycycline Treatment on the Development of Protective Immunity in a Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Infection

Morrison

Messer

et al. 1999

J INFECT DIS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease (STD) worldwide. Antibiotics are effective in treating infection; however, reinfection is common. This observation has led to the conclusion that infection fails to elicit a protective antichlamydial immune response. It was postulated that high reinfection rates might be due to early eradication of organisms from genital tissue after antibiotic intervention, which could negatively influence the development of naturally acquired protective immunity. This hypothesis was tested by use of a murine model of female genital infection. The findings show that doxycycline intervention of infection, although very effective in eradicating chlamydiae from genital tissue and preventing upper genital tract disease, significantly inhibits the development of protective immunity. If antibiotic intervention of human chlamydial genital infection has a similar effect on protective immunity, it could have important implications in the understanding of immunity to infection and future public health efforts to control chlamydial STD.

show abstract

Section: The Effect Of Doxycycline Treatment On the Development Of Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Doxycycline Treatment on the Development of Protective Immunity in a Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Infection

Morrison

Messer

et al. 1999

J INFECT DIS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chlamydial infections of the eye and genital tract have a significant impact on human health worldwide, causing trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) that include pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility (1,2). Chlamydial STDs are also risk factors in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (3) and HIV infection (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic transcriptional profiling of the developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis

Belland

Zhong

Crane

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

455

544

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common bacterial pathogens and is the etiological agent of debilitating sexually transmitted and ocular diseases in humans. The organism is an obligate intracellular prokaryote characterized by a highly specialized biphasic developmental cycle. We have performed genomic transcriptional analysis of the chlamydial developmental cycle. This approach has led to the identification of a small subset of genes that control the primary (immediate-early genes) and secondary (late genes) differentiation stages of the cycle. Immediate-early gene products initiate bacterial metabolism and potentially modify the bacterial phagosome to escape fusion with lysosomes. One immediate early gene (CT147) is a homolog of the human early endosomal antigen-1 that is localized to the chlamydial phagosome; suggesting a functional role for CT147 in establishing the parasitophorous vacuole in a nonfusogenic pathway. Late gene products terminate bacterial cell division and constitute structural components and remodeling activities involved in the formation of the highly disulfide cross-linked outer-membrane complex that functions in attachment and invasion of new host cells. Many of the genes expressed during the immediate-early and late differentiation stages are Chlamydia-specific and have evolutionary origins in eukaryotic lineages.T he Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogen of humans that primarily infects columnar epithelial cells of the ocular and genital mucosae. Chlamydial infections of the eye and genital tract have a significant impact on human health worldwide, causing trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) that include pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility (1, 2). Chlamydial STDs are also risk factors in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (3) and HIV infection (4, 5).C. trachomatis has a small genome of Ϸ1 Mb encoding 893 chromosomal and 8 plasmid ORFs that share significant homology in both gene structure and order among strains that infect human and animal hosts (6, 7). Two distinguishing characteristics of this pathogen are its developmental cycle and predilection for causing persistent infections (8). The developmental cycle consists of infectious and noninfectious stages that exhibit unique morphological, biochemical, and biological properties. The infectious elementary body (EB) is a metabolically inactive particle with a rigid, disulfide cross-linked outer membrane (OM) (9-12) that enables the EB to attach to and enter host cells (13-15). After host cell entry, the EB is localized to a phagosome, and the primary differentiation process is initiated. This developmental process involves the commencement of bacterial metabolism and the conversion of the EB to the intracellular replicating form of the organism, termed the reticulate body (RB).At the very early stage of infection (1-3 h) the parasite exerts profound effects on the host. Through an unknown mechanism, dependent on both ba...

show abstract

“…These infections have a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to chronic inflammatory disease. Chronic disease of the conjunctival surface can result in trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, whereas chronic disease of the female genital tract produces pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal blockage, and infertility (1)(2)(3). The pathophysiology of chronic chlamydial disease is unknown but likely depends on both parasite and host factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis cytotoxicity associated with complete and partial cytotoxin genes

Belland

Scidmore

Crane

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

171

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human bacterial pathogen that infects epithelial cells of the eye and genital tract. Infection can result in trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, and sexually transmitted diseases. A common feature of infection is a chronic damaging inflammatory response for which the molecular pathogenesis is not understood. It has been proposed that chlamydiae have a cytotoxic activity that contributes to this pathology, but a toxin has not been identified. The C. trachomatis genome contains genes that encode proteins with significant homology to large clostridial cytotoxins. Here we show that C. trachomatis makes a replication-independent cytotoxic activity that produces morphological and cytoskeletal changes in epithelial cells that are indistinguishable from those mediated by clostridial toxin B. A mouse chlamydial strain that encodes a full-length cytotoxin caused pronounced cytotoxicity, as did a human strain that has a shorter ORF with homology to only the enzymatically active site of clostridial toxin B. Cytotoxin gene transcripts were detected in chlamydiae-infected cells, and a protein with the expected molecular mass was present in lysates of infected epithelial cells. The protein was present transiently in infected cells during the period of cytotoxicity. Together, these data provide compelling evidence for a chlamydial cytotoxin for epithelial cells and imply that the cytotoxin is present in the elementary body and delivered to host cells very early during infection. We hypothesize that the cytotoxin is a virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of C. trachomatis diseases.

show abstract

Etiology and Outcome of Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Cited by 132 publications

References 18 publications

The Effect of Doxycycline Treatment on the Development of Protective Immunity in a Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Infection

The Effect of Doxycycline Treatment on the Development of Protective Immunity in a Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Infection

Genomic transcriptional profiling of the developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis cytotoxicity associated with complete and partial cytotoxin genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About