Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome of Mandibular Fractures in Immature Dogs Treated with non-Invasive or Minimally Invasive Techniques

Castejón-González, Ana C.; Stefanovski, Darko; Reiter, Alexander M.

doi:10.1177/08987564211072332

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There was, however, a significant correlation between dentate mandibular fractures and the development of malocclusion. Malocclusion was the most reported type of complication (55.2%), consistent but higher than previously reported (34.0–37.9%) ( 4 , 6 ). This may be due to the combining of dental and skeletal malocclusions in data collection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This is in agreement with previously conducted research where the molar region was fractured in 41.2–47.1% of the fractures ( 1 – 3 ). In another study, the canine region (46.4%) was the most commonly affected region in mandibular fractures ( 6 ) in juvenile dogs. Tooth morphology may influence the location of the mandibular fracture ( 37 , 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although no statistically significant association between treatment modality and outcome was found, it does not imply that either method can be used in every age group and the outcome is expected to be the same, e.g., a 2-month-old dog may not be a good candidate for ORIF or interdental wire and splint. In addition, previous research demonstrated an overall good healing outcome for juvenile dogs that sustained mandibular fractures where muzzling as a non-invasive treatment method was used in 72.4% of dogs with a relatively rapid mean healing time of 21 ± 9 days ( 6 ). There was, however, a significant correlation between dentate mandibular fractures and the development of malocclusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stabilization of CMF fractures can be achieved with non-invasive (muzzling) and minimally invasive techniques (maxillomandibular fixation, interdental wiring, and intraoral splinting) or invasive techniques (intraosseous wiring, external skeletal fixation, and bone plating) ( 5 , 8 – 10 ). Stabilization techniques in juvenile dogs provide limited treatment options because of the presence of developing tooth buds in the jaw bone, the absence of sufficiently erupted permanent teeth or exfoliating deciduous teeth, immature bone, and the potential for interference with dental and jaw development ( 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 – 13 ). Complications derived from CMF fractures include malunion or non-union, malocclusion, infection, and periodontal and/or endodontic disease of teeth in or near the jaw fracture line ( 4 , 6 , 13 , 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stabilization techniques in juvenile dogs provide limited treatment options because of the presence of developing tooth buds in the jaw bone, the absence of sufficiently erupted permanent teeth or exfoliating deciduous teeth, immature bone, and the potential for interference with dental and jaw development ( 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 – 13 ). Complications derived from CMF fractures include malunion or non-union, malocclusion, infection, and periodontal and/or endodontic disease of teeth in or near the jaw fracture line ( 4 , 6 , 13 , 14 ). Dental and jaw developmental abnormalities are especially of concern in immature dogs that are still growing ( 7 , 9 , 13 , 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs–etiology, treatments, and outcomes

et al. 2022

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Treatment of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma in dogs often requires a multidisciplinary approach and a thorough understanding of the CMF anatomical structures involved. This retrospective study aimed to utilize computed tomography (CT) studies of immature dogs evaluated for CMF trauma and to describe common fracture locations, treatment modalities, and complications, as well as the fracture healing outcomes. The medical records and CT studies of 94 dogs under 1 year of age over a 13-year period were evaluated. The skeletal location of CMF fractures, as well as the severity of displacement and fragmentation of each fracture, was recorded. Case demographic data and trauma etiology were also recorded. Animal bites accounted for the majority of trauma (71.0%). The most likely bone or region to be fractured was the maxillary bones, followed by the molar region of the mandibles. Up to 37 bones or specific regions were fractured in any given patient, with an average of 8.8 ± 3.1 fractured bones or regions per dog. Rostral mandibular trauma was associated with intra-articular fractures of the temporomandibular joint (p = 0.016). Patients sustained concomitant injuries in 32% of the cases. Muzzle therapy was the main treatment performed for most dogs (53.2%), followed by soft tissue closure (47.9%) and selective dental extractions (27.6%). Healing complications were recorded in 71.6% of the dogs, with malocclusion being the most reported complication (55.2%), and associated with dentate mandibular jaw fractures (p = 0.05). The average number of complications per dog was 2.4. No statistically significant association was found between treatment modality and healing outcome. There was a positive correlation between the severity of fracture fragmentation and displacement and a negative healing outcome (all rho >0.7). Further treatment was required in 55.6% of the dogs. Additional dental extractions were performed in 77.7% of patients. Healing complications were common in the immature CMF trauma case. Thus, the need for a comprehensive assessment of the entire CMF region during the initial visit, as well as follow-up, preferably using CT or cone beam CT, is underscored.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs–etiology, treatments, and outcomes

et al. 2022

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Oral and dental presentations in dogs and cats requiring urgent care

Gramser,

Freeman

2024

In Practice

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Background: Although many oral and dental injuries are not life threatening per se, some conditions require urgent treatment to avoid unnecessary pain, impaired function and tooth loss. Adequate diagnosis and treatment will have a significant impact on the comfort and long‐term prognosis for the patient avoiding the sequela of untreated orofacial injuries. In almost all cases, the diagnosis of dental pathologies requires general anaesthesia, dental probing and charting, and diagnostic imaging (dental radiography and cone beam CT or conventional CT).Aim of the article: Despite being less common than in other disciplines, oral and dental emergencies do occur and cause severe distress to the patient. This article describes several dental and oral pathologies and the approach to diagnosis so that a treatment plan can be provided to colleagues and owners.

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Early Surgical Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Juvenile Dogs

Carrera,

Minto,

Curuci

et al. 2023

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objective The aim of this study was to analyse a series of five cases of early surgical treatment in juvenile canine patients with high-grade medial patellar luxation. Study Design Canine patients, with immature skeleton, affected by grade III or IV medial patellar luxation and treated by multimodal surgical techniques were selected. Results Five dogs of different breeds, mean age 7.2 ± 3.0 months, met the inclusion criteria. Simultaneous distal femoral varus and external tibial torsion were identified in three of the five cases, whereas in the others, femoral varus with associated tibial valgus and isolated external tibial torsion were observed. Four of the five patients were treated surgically with closing wedge osteotomy of the distal femur, and three of them underwent tibial tuberosity transposition simultaneously. Only two animals required trochleoplasty. Mean time to beginning of weight bearing was 9.8 ± 5.5 days, whereas time to bone healing was 55 ± 24 days. Bone realignment of the extensor apparatus and return to limb support were achieved in all cases. Postoperative reintervention was needed in one patient; however, it was not linked to the initial surgery. Patients were followed up to 1 year postoperatively, with maintenance of extensor alignment and no late complications. Conclusion The early surgical approach has been shown to be effective in the definitive treatment of juvenile dogs affected by high-grade medial patellar luxation.

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Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome of Mandibular Fractures in Immature Dogs Treated with non-Invasive or Minimally Invasive Techniques

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs–etiology, treatments, and outcomes

Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs–etiology, treatments, and outcomes

Oral and dental presentations in dogs and cats requiring urgent care

Early Surgical Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Juvenile Dogs

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