Etiology, Importance, and Distribution of Verticillium Wilt of Cotton in Southern Spain

Bejarano-Alcázar, José; Blanco-López, M. A.; Melero‐Vara, J. M.; Jiménez-Dı́az, Rafael M.

doi:10.1094/pd-80-1233

Cited by 102 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…Amplification products were separated by electrophoresis in 1.5% TAE buffer for 5 h at 80 V, stained with ethidium bromide, visualized, and photographed under UV light. Reactions were repeated twice and always included negative controls (no DNA) and positive controls (template DNA from mycelia of cotton V. dahliae isolates representative of the ND [isolate V-176I] and D [isolate V-138I] pathotypes [2]). MP-PCR patterns were digitalized, converted, and normalized with 1-kb gene-ruler DNA ladder (Fermentas, St Leon-Rot, Germany), and compared with Bionumerics 4.5 software (Applied Maths, Kortrijk, Belgium).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential virulence of V. dahliae isolates also occurs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), with isolates from cotton and olive showing cross-virulence (40,43). In Spain, the D pathotype was first reported infecting cotton in a restricted area of intensive cultivation at the southern part of Andalusia in 1981 (2). This pathotype has now appeared to distant cotton-and olive-growing areas all over Andalusia (8), but has not yet been reported in other olive growing areas in northern Spain or other countries in the Mediterranean Basin, except Greece (11) and Israel (25).…”

Section: Additional Abstract: Olea Europaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Spread of Infections by Verticillium dahliae Pathotypes Within a High Tree Density Olive Orchard in Southern Spain

Navas‐Cortés¹,

Landa²,

Mercado‐Blanco³

et al. 2008

Phytopathology®

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The development of Verticillium wilt epidemics in olive cv. Arbequina was studied from November 1999 to May 2003 in a drip-irrigated, nontillage orchard established in a soil without a history of the disease at Córdoba, southern Spain. Disease incidence measured at 1-month-intervals increased from 0.2 to 7.8% during this period. Verticillium dahliae infecting the trees was characterized as defoliating (D) or nondefoliating (ND) pathotypes by a specific, multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of the symptomatic trees, 87.2 and 12.8% were infected by the D or ND pathotypes, respectively. Dynamics of disease incidence were described by a generalized logistic model with a multiple sigmoid pattern. In the fitted model, the infection rate was highest in the winter to spring period and decreased to minimum values in the summer to fall period. Binary data of disease incidence was analyzed for point pattern and spatial correlation, either directly or after parsing them in contiguous quadrats. Overall, ordinary runs analysis indicated a departure from randomness of disease within rows. The binomial index of dispersion, interclass correlation, and Taylor's power law for various quadrat sizes suggested aggregation of diseased trees within the quadrat sizes tested. Spatial analysis by distance indices showed a nonrandom arrangement of quadrats containing infected trees. Spatial pattern was characterized by the occurrence of several clusters of infected trees. Increasing clustering over time was generally suggested by stronger values of clustering index over time and by the increase in the size of patch clusters. Significant spatial association was found in the clustering of diseased trees over time across cropping seasons; however, clustering was significant only for infections by D V. dahliae, indicating that infections by the D pathotype were aggregated around initial infections. The number and size of clusters of D V. dahliae-infected trees increased over time. Microsatellite-primed PCR assays of a representative number of V. dahliae isolates from diseased trees indicated that the majority of infecting D isolates shared the fingerprinting profile with D V. dahliae isolated from soil of a naturally infested cotton field in close proximity to the orchard, suggesting that short distance dispersal of the pathogen from this soil to the olive orchard may have occurred.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additional Abstract: Olea Europaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Spread of Infections by Verticillium dahliae Pathotypes Within a High Tree Density Olive Orchard in Southern Spain

Navas‐Cortés¹,

Landa²,

Mercado‐Blanco³

et al. 2008

Phytopathology®

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“…In this area, verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is widespread and is now considered to be the most important disease of the crop. Disease surveys in the area in 1981-1983 and 1985 indicated that 80-82·5% of fields were affected, with a mean incidence of diseased plants of approximately 20% (Bejarano-Alcázar et al, 1996). Incidence and severity of attacks by the disease were higher in the Lower Valley, in which high inoculum densities of a cotton-defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae prevail (Bejarano-Alcázar et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of verticillium wilt epidemics on cotton yield in southern Spain

et al. 1997

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Experiments were conducted in the Guadalquivir Valley of Andalucía, southern Spain, in 1986 and 1987, using field plots naturally infested with different inoculum densities of the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae to determine the influence of verticillium wilt epidemics on yield of cotton cultivar Coker 310. The total number of bolls, the number of open bolls, and seed cotton yield were related to the growth stage of plants at first appearance of foliar symptoms, and to inoculum density and virulence of the V. dahliae pathotype prevailing in the soil. For the three yield components, the greatest reduction was observed in plants showing symptoms before opening of first flowers (about 650 degree-days after sowing). Yield increased with delay in the development of foliar symptoms during the crop season, and the effect of the wilt epidemics on yield was small or nil for plants that developed symptoms after opening of the first bolls (1400-1500 degree-days after sowing). A multiple regression equation was derived that related yield reduction to the physiological time accumulated from the time of sowing until the appearance of foliar symptoms and to the rate of disease intensity increase over physiological time. This multiple point model explained about 70% of the variation in cotton yield loss due to verticillium wilt.

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“…Commercial annual dry bean production averages 65 000 tonnes on approximately 50 000 hectares. 21 Crops are composed mainly of red speckled sugar (65-75%), small white canning (10-20%) and large white kidney beans (5-10%), and to a lesser extent of alubia (1-5%) and carioca beans (3-5%). 22 Red speckled sugar beans also dominate the composition of beans grown by subsistence farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and severity of bacterial brown spot on dry beans in South Africa: An update

Muedi¹,

Fourie²,

McLaren³

2015

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Bacterial brown spot (BBS) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a seed-borne bacterial disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). Dry bean is an important field crop in South Africa and all commercially available South African dry bean cultivars are susceptible to BBS. The aim of this study was to determine the current distribution and severity of BBS in the dry bean production areas of South Africa. We surveyed 31 locations in five provinces. Disease severity was evaluated on selected plots on a 0–9 scale in four different farming systems: commercial and subsistence farms and strip and national cultivar trials. Leaves with typical BBS symptoms were harvested and transferred to the laboratory. Bacteria were isolated following standard procedure using King’s B medium. Identification of pure isolates was done using physiological and biochemical techniques. Incidence and severity values were used to calculate a disease index. BBS was observed in 88% of locations. BBS incidence was recorded in 54% to 100% of all the farming systems surveyed during the 2008/2009 and 2010/2011 seasons combined. BBS was more severe in the strip and national cultivar trials than on subsistence and commercial farms during the 2008/2009 season and more severe on the commercial farm and in national cultivar trials than on subsistence farms and strip trials during the 2010/2011 season. Findings of this study signal the importance of developing BBS-resistant dry bean cultivars for South Africa.

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Etiology, Importance, and Distribution of Verticillium Wilt of Cotton in Southern Spain

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Spread of Infections by Verticillium dahliae Pathotypes Within a High Tree Density Olive Orchard in Southern Spain

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Spread of Infections by Verticillium dahliae Pathotypes Within a High Tree Density Olive Orchard in Southern Spain

The influence of verticillium wilt epidemics on cotton yield in southern Spain

Distribution and severity of bacterial brown spot on dry beans in South Africa: An update

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