Etiology of Acetonemia in Norwegian Cattle. 1. Effect of Ketogenic Silage, Season, Energy Level, and Genetic Factors

Tveit, Borghild; Lingaas, Frode; Svendsen, Mathias Tiedemann; Sjaastad, Ø. V.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)78003-5

Cited by 53 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…During bad silage fermentation, protein degradation occurs, yielding amines at concentrations up to 8 g/kg.DM (Tveit et al, 1992); however they are also formed in wellfermented grass silages . It has long been assumed that these amines negatively influence silage intake (Neumark et al, 1964), either at the oropharyngeal level or through their physiological effects (Voss, 1966).…”

Section: Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of voluntary intake of precision-chopped silages by ruminants: a review

Dulphy¹,

Os²

1996

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Summary ― The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the ways in which ruminants control their voluntary intake of finely-chopped silages. Silages with an excellent conservation quality can be ingested at similar levels to the corresponding fresh or dry forages. Intake levels decrease when conservation quality decreases. The implicated physiological mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed in this review. Poorly preserved silages may have low palatibility, decreasing the animal's motivation to ingest. At the ruminal level, the physical control of intake is generally not involved. On the other hand the fermentation products present in silage seem to induce a high and rapid level of satiation, out of proportion to their relatively low quantity. At the metabolical level some limiting factors may also exist (eg, a poor balance between amino acids and energy, and high levels of acids to be metabolized). Fermentation products induce most of the observed reactions. For well-preserved silages, high quantities of lactic and acetic acids limit intake. Their effects seem to be additive, which explains the observation that low pH often has a negative action. The negative effect of moisture is generally strengthened by that of the acids. For poorly-preserved silages, products of protein decomposition must be considered in addition to volatile fatty acids. The effect of N-compounds is less clearly explained than that of acids. For example, ammonia alone generally seems to have no direct effect. However it is clear that N-compounds taken together have a negative effect on appetite. It can be concluded that the negative effects of poor quality silages are multifactorial; each fermentation product alone has a low effect, but the sum of all the components must be considered. Moreover, it is apparent that some physiological mechanisms are used to control silage intake, which explains the complexity of the studies on this subject.

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Section: Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of voluntary intake of precision-chopped silages by ruminants: a review

Dulphy¹,

Os²

1996

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…Recently, Akbar et al (2015) reported that cows with high BCS at calving had greater concentrations of BHBA and hepatic expression of genes related to ketogenesis postpartum compared to cows with low BCS at calving. Some herds have persistent ketosis problems caused by feeding ketogenic silages (Tveit et al, 1992). Hay crop silages chopped too wet (insufficient wilting time or direct-cut silages) or those low in water-soluble carbohydrates favour the growth of Clostridium sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Dietary Energy Level, Silage Butyric Acid and Body Condition Score with Subclinical Ketosis Incidence in Dairy Cows

Samiei¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Subclinical ketosis is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders that usually occurs in cows during the first weeks of lactation. This study investigated the relationship between energy level, body condition score and silage butyric acid with incidence of subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows during the first month of postpartum. Fifty healthy pregnant Holstein cows from 10 commercial dairy farms were studied. Whole blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration equal or more than 1,400 µmol/L, at least in two successive blood samplings was considered as SCK. The mean plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration of SCK cows was 1,932 µmol/L whereas that for the healthy cows was 770 µmol/L. Diet nutrient was significantly affected by the farms studied. Crude protein, net energy for lactation, and non-fiber carbohydrates contents of the diets were lower, whereas that of neutral detergent fiber was higher than those recommended for lactating cows. The effect of farm on pH, lactic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid to acetic acid ratio of corn silage was significant. Effect of net energy for lactation was significant on SCK incidence. The incidence of SCK was not affected by body condition score, butyric silage, crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates of the diets. Results show that the best way to prevent or minimize the incidence of SCK in dairy farms under commercial farming conditions as that of the present study would be to provide sufficient dietary energy to meet the needs of the cows, especially during the first month of postpartum when the SCK prevalence is normally high. Keywords

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“…Η ηπατική κετονογενεση οφείλεται κυρίως σε έλλειψη ενέργειας και γλυκόζης και δευτερευόντως στην πρόσληψη κετονογό-νων συστατικών, όπως η 1,3-βουτανεδιόλη (πρόδρομη ου σία του βουτυρικού οξέος). Η πεπτική κετονογενεση προ κύπτει από το μεταβολισμό του οξικού οξέος και του βου τυρικού οξέος των τροφών, σε ακετοξικό οξΰ και β-υδρο ξυβουτυρικό οξΰ στα επιθηλιακά κΰτταρα της μεγάλης κοιλίας 14 · 16 · 28 και από το μεταβολισμό των σακχάρων σε α κετοξικό οξΰ στη μεγάλη κοιλία 28 . Αόγω της αΰξησης της συγκέντρωσης των NEFA αυξάνεται και η ηπατική κετο νογενεση, ιδιαιτέρως δε σε περιόδους, κατά τις οποίες οι απαιτήσεις σε ενέργεια είναι αυξημένες 1618 .…”

Section: δημιουργία υπερκετοναιμίαςunclassified