Etiology of Bovine Mastitis

Abstract

Mastitis in dairy animals is the primary concern of dairy farmers, which is the most common disease that causes huge economic losses in the dairy industry. The economic losses due to mastitis are from a reduction in milk yield, condemnation of milk with antibiotic residues, veterinary treatment costs, and death. In addition, some mastitis pathogens also cause serious human diseases associated with the contamination of milk or milk products with bacteria or their toxins. Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by a wide range of environmental and contagious bacterial mastitis pathogens. Contagious pathogens are those whose main reservoir is the infected udder. Contagious pathogens mainly spread among animals during milking process whereas environmental pathogens spread from environment to udder at any time. The source of the environmental pathogens is the surrounding environment of an animal. The major contagious pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma spp. and the minor contagious pathogens include Corynebacterium bovis and others. Major environmental pathogens include coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp.), environmental streptococci (Strep. dysgalactiae, Strep. uberis). This chapter covers detailed review of published data on contagious and environmental pathogens responsible for bovine mastitis.

Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Ruminants and Studying the Effect of Novel Green Synthetized Nanoparticles as One of the Alternative Treatments

“…Te main causes of mastitis are bacterial infections. Among these bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli (E. coli), and other less common pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma species, and Mycobacterium species [3,4].…”

Identification of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Subclinical Mastitis Milk Samples in an Organized Dairy Farm of SVVU, Andhra Pradesh

“…The ability to recognize potentially harmful pathogens plays a vital role in the outcome of successful treatment. Mastitis includes clinical and sub-clinical stages, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the responsible pathogen for the infection (Schauer et al, 2021) and so far 131 bacterial microbes have been isolated from milk samples (Shoaib et al, 2021). Among the pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is very important as it is a multidrug resistant bacteria.…”

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Egypt

“…Such microbes include Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , and other less frequent pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Mycoplasma spp., and Mycobacterium spp. [ 12 , 13 ]. As staphylococci cause contagious infection, unsanitary farming practices contribute to its spread among herds.…”