Etiology of Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Li, Ming Xin; Cheng, Shi

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69183-6_2

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…and trace mineral (zinc, selenium, iron, manganese, etc.) deficiencies, the consumption of hot-temperature beverages such as tea, and fungal invasion in the esophagus leading to localized inflammation and irritation of the tissues (22). Finally, human papilloma virus (HPV) may play a role in the etiology of esophageal SCC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Protection Against Esophageal Cancer in Rodents With Lyophilized Berries: Potential Mechanisms

Stoner¹,

Chen²,

Kresty³

et al. 2006

Nutrition and Cancer

107

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For several years, our laboratory has been evaluating the ability of lyophilized (freeze-dried) black raspberries (Rubus occidentalis, BRBs), blackberries (R. fructicosus, BBs), and strawberries (Fragaria ananasia, STRWs) to inhibit carcinogen-induced cancer in the rodent esophagus. To assure "standardized" berry preparations for study, each berry type is of the same cultivar, picked at about the same degree of ripeness, washed and frozen within 2-4 h of the time of picking, and freeze-dried under conditions that preserve the components in the berries. Some of the known chemopreventive agents in berries include vitamins A, C, and E and folic acid; calcium and selenium; β-carotene, α-carotene, and lutein; polyphenols such as ellagic acid, ferulic acid, pcoumaric acid, quercetin, and several anthocyanins; and phytosterols such as β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and kaempferol. In initial bioassays, freeze-dried STRW, BRB, and BB powders were mixed into AIN-76A synthetic diet at concentrations of 5% and 10% and fed to Fischer 344 rats before, during, and after treatment with the esophageal carcinogen Nnitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA). At 25 wk of the bioassay, all three berry types were found to inhibit the number of esophageal tumors (papillomas) in NMBA-treated animals by 24-56% relative to NMBA controls. This inhibition correlated with reductions in the formation of the NMBA-induced O 6 -methylguanine adduct in esophageal DNA, suggesting that the berries influenced the metabolism of NMBA leading to reduced DNA damage. Studies are ongoing to determine the mechanisms by which berries influence NMBA metabolism and DNA adduct formation. BRBs and STRWs were also tested in a postinitiation scheme and were found to inhibit NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis by 31-64% when administered in the diet following treatment of the animals with NMBA. Berries, therefore, inhibit tumor promotion and progression events as well as tumor initiation. In vivo mechanistic studies with BRBs indicate that they reduce the growth rate of premalignant esophageal cells, in part, through down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 leading to reduced prostaglandin production and of inducible nitric oxide synthase leading to reduced nitrate/nitrite levels in the esophagus. Based upon the preclinical data on rodents, we have initiated prevention trials in humans to determine if berries might exhibit chemopreventive effects in the esophagus.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection Against Esophageal Cancer in Rodents With Lyophilized Berries: Potential Mechanisms

Stoner¹,

Chen²,

Kresty³

et al. 2006

Nutrition and Cancer

107

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“…2,29 The rarity of esophageal malignancies in children may be due to the fact that these tumors are predominantly produced by environment, which requires long latent periods of at least 15-20 years to manifest as carcinomas. [4][5][6][7]29 On the basis of postmortem studies and mass screening surveys conducted in high-risk areas in different parts of the world, dysplasia has been postulated to be a precancerous lesion of the esophagus, which in turn is considered to be preceded by chronic esophagitis. 5,30 Usually, children do not go into long enough periods of chronic esophagitis to reach a state of dysplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,38 Etiological and environmental factors associated with esophageal malignancies have been well discussed in the literature, [3][4][5][6][7] with environmental factors appearing to be predominant in the causation of esophageal malignancy, with genetics playing a minor role. Whether this postulation of environmental factors with long latent periods holds good for these isolated teenage reports of childhood esophageal malignancies needs further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only possible etiological factor linked to esophageal carcinoma has been the documentation of the carcinoma developing from lye ingestion. 6 There is, however, a long latency period (12 years or more) between the ingestion of lye and the development of the malignancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7] There is no mention of etiological or environmental risk factors in the majority of these reported cases, and therefore, the pathogenesis of the condition is still unknown. A case of esophageal carcinoma in a 15-year-old girl is reported because of its rare incidence in this teenage group.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Esophageal Carcinoma in a 15-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

et al. 2000

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Esophageal malignancies are commonly seen in the sixth, seventh, and eighth decades of life, and are rare at a young age and in children. 1 To date, only a few cases of esophageal carcinoma in children have been reported in the world literature.2 Epidemiological studies have shown that these esophageal malignancies are predominantly environment-produced, and require a long, latent period of carcinogenesis, thus accounting for its rarity in childhood. [3][4][5][6][7] There is no mention of etiological or environmental risk factors in the majority of these reported cases, and therefore, the pathogenesis of the condition is still unknown. A case of esophageal carcinoma in a 15-year-old girl is reported because of its rare incidence in this teenage group. A brief review of the literature is also provided. We believe that this is the first case of its kind to be reported from the Middle East. Case ReportA 15-year-old Sudanese female presented to the Gastroenterology Clinic of King Fahad Hospital, Medina, for progressively increasing dysphagia over a one-month period. The problem started with difficulty in swallowing solid food, and a feeling of food getting "stuck" in the retrosternal region. Initially, she could wash down the food with liquids. However, in a matter of only four weeks, she could not even swallow liquids without difficulty. Limitation in her oral intake resulted in weight loss. There was some chest discomfort, however, the swallowing was not painful. There was an associated feeling of ill health and lack of appetite. The patient had lived in Saudi Arabia for eight years, and had been in excellent health without any prior sickness. There had never been any previous swallowing problem. She denied having any chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea or vomiting, and there was no history of ingestion of any corrosive substance. She was not on any medications, such as antibiotics, NSAIDs, etc. She had no skin disease, had never smoked cigarettes or taken alcohol. She also denied drinking excessive "hot" coffee or tea, but admitted to occasionally taking soft drinks. There was no family history of esophageal problems or gastrointestinal malignancies, and there was no known familial or genetic disorder.Physical examination revealed a thinly built, apprehensive girl. There were no signs of chronic sickness. Her vital signs were stable, BP 110/80 mm Hg and pulse 70/minute. There was no icterus and skin was normal. There was no keratinization of her palms or soles to suggest tylosis. There were no signs to suggest nutritional deficiencies. The neck was supple, and there were no palpable lymph nodes. Examination of heart, lungs and abdomen were unremarkable. Liver was not enlarged and there was no ascites.Laboratory investigations showed hemoglobin of 14.5 g/dL, and normal WBC and platelet count. Urea, creatinine, electrolytes and liver enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, were normal. Amylase was also normal, and chest x-ray was within normal limits.A barium swallow revealed an ulcerated mass about 7 cm ...

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Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer in China

Huang¹

1988

Diseases of the Esophagus

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Etiology of Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Protection Against Esophageal Cancer in Rodents With Lyophilized Berries: Potential Mechanisms

Protection Against Esophageal Cancer in Rodents With Lyophilized Berries: Potential Mechanisms

Esophageal Carcinoma in a 15-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer in China

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