Etiology of community acquired pneumonia among adult patients requiring hospitalization in Taiwan

Lauderdale, Tsai‐Ling; Chang, Feng–Yee; Ben, Ren-Jy; Yin, Hsiao-Chuan; Ni, Yuen-Hua; Tsai, Jen-Wen; Cheng, Shu‐Hsing; Wang, Jann-Tay; Liu, Yung‐Ching; Cheng, Yan-Wan; Chen, Shu-Ting; Fung, Chang-Phoné; Chuang, Yin-Ching; Cheng, Hsiao-Pei; Lu, Daniel C.; Liu, Chieh-Ju; Huang, I-Wen; Hung, Che-Lun; Hsiao, Chin‐Fu; Ho, Monto

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2005.02.026

Cited by 87 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, serology is the major method to 540 M.-C. HSU ET AL 7 1 6 1 13 2 10-19 13 0 8 0 21 0 20-29 18 4 6 1 24 5 30-39 17 3 16 3 33 6 40-49 36 13 17 7 53 20 50-59 35 5 14 1 49 6 60-69 35 9 14 3 49 12 70-79 48 15 18 2 66 17 80-89 37 13 11 1 48 14 90-99 2 0 1 0 3 0 100-109 1 1 0 0 1 1 Total 249 64 111 19 360 83 determine acute infection. Our study showed that C. pneumoniae accounted for 23% of C. pneumoniae-suspected cases which is higher than other previous studies in Taiwan showing 7-13% prevalence rates (17,23). The possible reason may be that we included a 4-fold rise of IgG (37/360, 10%) in our criteria.…”

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confidence: 73%

Chlamydia pneumoniae Respiratory Infections in Taiwan

Hsu

Lin

Huang

et al. 2007

Microbiology and Immunology

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To understand the epidemiology of Chlamydia pneumoniae acute infections in Taiwan, we collected 116 paired and 244 single sera from patients suspected of C. pneumoniae infection and conducted microimmunofluorescence test. Eighty‐three patients (83/360, 23%) met the diagnostic criteria of current C. pneumoniae infection. The C. pneumoniae infections were significantly higher in men than in women (P≤0.0001) and were most frequent in the group of 40–49 year‐olds, and the people older than 70 years old. C. pneumoniae infection often occurred in the late autumn lasting to the cold winter and in the transition period between the spring and summer.

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confidence: 73%

Chlamydia pneumoniae Respiratory Infections in Taiwan

Hsu

Lin

Huang

et al. 2007

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Influenza is an important cause of pneumonia, causing 5-10% of all CAP [3,4], and the 7th leading cause of mortality in the USA [25]. Although severe bacterial pneumonia and sepsis have been linked to activation of coagulation and downregulation of anticoagulant mechanisms (reviewed in [6]), data on coagulation activation in influenza pneumonia are sparse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza viruses can be classified as A, B or C. Influenza A is found in humans, other mammals and birds, and is the only influenza virus known to have caused pandemics, such as the three twentieth century pandemics and the current influenza pandemic of swine origin [2]. Although the greatest proportion of mortality caused by influenza A infection is due to secondary bacterial pneumonia, the virus itself is also an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), causing 5-10% of CAP in various case series [3,4]. As such, influenza infection is a major concern for pulmonologists and intensive care physicians.…”

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confidence: 99%

Factor V Leiden mutation does not affect coagulopathy or outcome in lethal H1N1 influenza

Schouten

Sluijs²,

Roelofs³

et al. 2010

Eur Respir J

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Influenza A is a major cause of mortality. Knowledge on coagulation activation in influenza infection is limited. The factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is possibly subject to positive selection pressure. It is unknown whether this mutation impacts on the outcome of severe influenza. In the present study, the effect of lethal influenza on pulmonary and systemic coagulation activation and whether or not FVL mutation alters coagulation activation in and the course of lethal influenza, was determined.Wild-type mice, and mice heterozygous or homozygous for FVL were infected intranasally with a lethal dose of H1N1 (haemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1) influenza A. Mice were sacrificed after 48 or 96 h for determination of coagulation activation, histopathology, pulmonary inflammatory parameters and viral load, or were observed in a survival study.Extensive local and systemic coagulation activation during lethal influenza was demonstrated by increased lung and plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and fibrin degradation products, and by pulmonary fibrin deposition. FVL mutation did not influence the procoagulant response, lung histopathology or survival. FVL mice demonstrated elevated viral loads 48 h after infection.In conclusion, coagulation is activated locally and systemically during lethal murine influenza A infection. The FVL mutation does not influence coagulation activation, lung inflammation or survival in lethal influenza A.

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“…erology was until recently the principal method for diagnosing viral pneumonia (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Serology, however, can yield false-negative results if the collection of acute-or convalescent-phase blood samples is delayed or too early (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Diagnostic Yield of Adding Serology to PCR in Diagnosing Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Kenyan Patients 5 Years of Age and Older

Feikin

Njenga

Bigogo

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The role of serology in the setting of PCR-based diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is unclear. We found that acuteand convalescent-phase paired-sample serologic testing increased the diagnostic yield of naso/oropharyngeal swabs for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses beyond PCR by 0.4% to 10.7%. Although still limited for clinical use, serology, along with PCR, can maximize etiologic diagnosis in epidemiologic studies. Serology was until recently the principal method for diagnosing viral pneumonia (1-6). Serology, however, can yield false-negative results if the collection of acute-or convalescent-phase blood samples is delayed or too early (4). Moreover, serology is logistically cumbersome and clinically uninformative, because people must return several weeks after the acute illness has resolved (if they survive) for convalescent-phase blood collection. The advent of nucleic acid-based tests (e.g., PCR) of upper respiratory tract specimens offers sensitive, timely diagnostic alternatives (6). The role of serologic testing in the setting of PCR-based diagnosis is unclear.We enrolled persons that were Ն5 years old (median, 11.0 years; range, 5 to 81 years) presenting with acute respiratory illness, defined as cough, difficulty breathing, or chest pain and a documented temperature of Ն38.0°C or oxygen saturation of Ͻ90%, in rural western Kenya from 1 January 2009 and 28 February 2010 (7). At the time of presentation to the clinic, we collected acute-phase blood and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens in viral transport media. Patients were asked to return 4 to 6 weeks later for a convalescent-phase serum blood draw. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) of specimens was carried out for adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), influenza A and B viruses, and parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1 to 3 using singleplex qRT-PCR assay (7,8). The qRT-PCR results were considered positive if the threshold cycle (C T ) was Ͻ40.0. Paired sera were tested for antibodies to influenza viruses using hemagglutination inhibition assays and for antibodies to RSV, hMPV, adenovirus, and PIV using standard methods for indirect IgG enzyme-linked immunoassay, in which all assays were optimized for reagent/ diluent composition and concentration and incubation time/ temperatures to obtain the highest limit of detection for anti- a The study was performed on samples collected from individuals in western Kenya. The samples were collected 1 January 2009 to 28 February 2010. The median number of days between acute-and convalescent-phase sera was 42, and the range was 32 to 72 days. b Although the acute and convalescent-phase sera for 232 patients were tested for all viruses, the serum samples for fewer of these patients had qRT-PCR results for some pathogens, resulting in lower denominators (i.e., 203 or 204). c One patient was positive for both parainfluenza virus 1 and parainfluenza vir...

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Etiology of community acquired pneumonia among adult patients requiring hospitalization in Taiwan

Cited by 87 publications

References 25 publications

Chlamydia pneumoniae Respiratory Infections in Taiwan

Chlamydia pneumoniae Respiratory Infections in Taiwan

Factor V Leiden mutation does not affect coagulopathy or outcome in lethal H1N1 influenza

Additional Diagnostic Yield of Adding Serology to PCR in Diagnosing Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Kenyan Patients 5 Years of Age and Older

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