Etiology of Exudative Diathesis, Encephalomalacia, and Muscular Degeneration in the Chicken

Machlin, L. J.; Gordon, Rebecca

doi:10.3382/ps.0410473

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Oxidation of fats in feeds is known to produce undesirable results, such as loss of fat-soluble vitamins, degradation of xanthophyll and β-carotene, generation of malodors, palatability problems, and even certain deficiency syndromes [1]. Products of lipid oxidation or destruction of the vital nutrients have been implicated as causes of steatitis in swine and cats, encephalomalacia in poultry, and, symptomatically, may become manifest as exudative diathesis, muscular dystrophy, necrotic tissue in various organisms, and poor fertility and hatchability [2][3][4][5][6][7]. These are readily detectable consequences of feeding severely oxidized feed, but there are other, more subtle consequences, such as reduced BW and feed efficiency [1].…”

Section: Description Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

Upton

Edens

Ferket

2009

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Normal or elevated selenium status of broilers, which is influenced by dietary selenium sources, improves the bird's ability to overcome the adverse effects of reactive oxygen metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of peroxidized poultry fat on blood and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and hepatic glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens fed either inorganic sodium selenite (SEL) or organic selenium enriched in the organic selenium yeast product Sel-Plex (SP). Nine starter diets, varying in levels of oxidized fat (0, 3, and 6 mEq/kg) and dietary selenium sources, were fed to 360 male chicks from hatch to 21 d of age. Sel-Plex or SEL was added to the basal diet to provide either 0 or 0.2 ppm of supplemental selenium in the diets. Blood and hepatic samples were obtained for each treatment group at 21 d of age. Neither peroxidized fat nor selenium source significantly altered the activity of hepatic glutathione reductase (P ≤ 0.05). Blood GSH-Px was influenced significantly by both fat and selenium source (P ≤ 0.05), but the fat × selenium source interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.3). A selenium source effect on the hepatic GSH-Px activity (P ≤ 0.05) was evidenced by higher GSH-Px activity, even in the basal diet with no added peroxidized fat. An increase in GSH-Px activity was seen in the erythrocyte and hepatic samples in both the SEL and SP treatments when peroxidized fat was given at 3 mEq/ kg, but in the erythrocytes and in the hepatic tissues from SEL-supplemented birds, there was an apparent inhibition of GSH-Px activity. This inhibition was not seen in the hepatic tissue samples from SP-fed birds. Because elevated GSH-Px activity is indicative of oxidative stress, it was concluded that dietary SP supplementation resulted in better selenium and redox status in broilers than did SEL. These results indicate that the dietary selenium supplied in an organic form (selenium yeast as SP) improved the selenium and redox status in broilers, leading to greater resistance to oxidative stress than when the inorganic form of selenium (SEL) was fed.

show abstract

Section: Description Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

Upton

Edens

Ferket

2009

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These compounds act in a similar manner in protecting dietary lipid components against oxidation, as well as in improving performance of broilers (Bartov and Bornstein, 1972). Furthermore, synthetic antioxidants can partly or completely prevent signs of vitamin E deficiency in chicks, EQ being more active than BHT (Machlin et al, 1959;Krishnamurthy and Bieri, 1962;Machlin and Gordon, 1962;Bartov and Bornstein, 1972). Machlin et al (1959) and Krishnamurthy and Bieri (1962) reported that EQ, was better than BHT in preventing liver peroxide formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Stability of abdominal fat and meat of broilers: Relative effects of vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene and ethoxyquin¹

Bartov

Bornstein

1977

British Poultry Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. α-Tocopheryl acetate (ATA) and ethoxyquin (EQ) markedly improved the stability of fat and meat of broilers fed on diets not supplemented with fat, while butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) improved fat stability only.2. The stability of carcass fat of broilers fed on diets supplemented with acidulated soyabean-oil soapstock was improved by all three antioxidants, but BHT and EQ were more effective than ATA. Meat stability was improved only by EQ.3. The relationship between dietary EQ concentrations and the stability of carcass fat was logarithmic, whereas with that of thigh meat it was linear, irrespective of the degree of saturation of the carcass fat.

show abstract

“…The interaction between vitamin E and other nutrients is strikingly illustrated in the young domestic chick receiving diets low in vitamin E (Machlin and Gordon, 1962): if the experimental diet contains linoleic acid, the syndrome observed is nutritional encephalomalacia, a degenerative lesion of the cerebellum. The interaction between vitamin E and other nutrients is strikingly illustrated in the young domestic chick receiving diets low in vitamin E (Machlin and Gordon, 1962): if the experimental diet contains linoleic acid, the syndrome observed is nutritional encephalomalacia, a degenerative lesion of the cerebellum.…”

Section: F Vitamin E Deficiency Diseases and Nutrient Interrelationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins E and A

Budowski¹,

Sklan²

1989

Role of Fats in Human Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Etiology of Exudative Diathesis, Encephalomalacia, and Muscular Degeneration in the Chicken

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

Stability of abdominal fat and meat of broilers: Relative effects of vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene and ethoxyquin¹

Vitamins E and A

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Etiology of Exudative Diathesis, Encephalomalacia, and Muscular Degeneration in the Chicken

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

Stability of abdominal fat and meat of broilers: Relative effects of vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene and ethoxyquin1

Vitamins E and A

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Stability of abdominal fat and meat of broilers: Relative effects of vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene and ethoxyquin¹