Etiology of spontaneous pneumothorax in 105 HIV-infected patients without highly active antiretroviral therapy

Rivero, Antonio; Pérez-Camacho, Inés; Lozano, Fernando; Santos, Jesús; Camacho, Ángela; Serrano, Ascención; Cordero, Elisa; Jiménez, Francisco López; Torres-Tortosa, Manuel; Torre‐Cisneros, Julián

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.05.003

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of PJP and the prevalence ranges from 0.4% to 3.3%. 3,[13][14][15] According to our study, the major pathogen related to pneumomediastinum in HIV-infected adults is P. jirovecii. Pneumomediastinum can be observed at any time during the clinical course of the HIV-infected patient with PJP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Pneumomediastinum in patients with AIDS: a case report and literature review

Cheng

Lee

et al. 2014

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Pneumomediastinum in patients with AIDS: a case report and literature review

Cheng

Lee

et al. 2014

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Pneumothorax recurrence rates with conservative treatment are 35% (82). Bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces occur frequently in patients with HIV-related PJP (81, 83). Patients who develop pneumothorax with PJP have a higher mortality than those with PJP without pneumothorax (79).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous pneumothorax in diffuse cystic lung diseases

Cooley

Lee

Gupta

2017

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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Purpose of review Diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with varying pathophysiologic mechanisms that are characterized by the presence of air-filled lung cysts. These cysts are prone to rupture, leading to the development of recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical features, and management DCLD-associated spontaneous pneumothorax, with a focus on lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD), and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). Recent findings DCLDs are responsible for approximately 10% of apparent primary spontaneous pneumothoraces. CT screening for DCLDs (BHD, LAM, and PLCH) following the first spontaneous pneumothorax has recently been shown to be cost-effective and can help facilitate early diagnosis of the underlying disorders. Patients with DCLD-associated spontaneous pneumothorax have a very high rate of recurrence, and thus pleurodesis should be considered following the first episode of spontaneous pneumothorax in these patients, rather than waiting for a recurrent episode. Prior pleurodesis is not a contraindication to future lung transplant. Summary Although DCLDs are uncommon, spontaneous pneumothorax is often the sentinel event that provides an opportunity for diagnosis. By understanding the burden and implications of pneumothoraces in DCLDs, clinicians can facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate management of the underlying disorders.

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“…Most cases of secondary pneumothorax in HIV-infected individuals occur in conjunction with bacterial or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. 14,15 The exact mechanism behind the development of the pulmonary cysts and pneumothoraces sometimes seen in conjunction with Pneumocystis jiroveci is not yet known. The various mechanisms proposed include tissue invasion by the organism and subsequent necrosis of pulmonary parenchyma, overdistension of the lungs caused by obstructive bronchiolitis with inflammatory exudates in the small bronchioles acting as a ball valve, interstitial emphysema, and abnormal remodeling of pulmonary architecture due to interstitial fibrosis, and release of elastase and other proteolytic enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanishing Lung Syndrome and HIV Infection

Mani

Guinee

Aboulafia

2012

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS

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Persons with HIV infection have a higher risk of infectious pulmonary complications, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis than individuals not infected with HIV. Herein, we describe the clinical course of a patient with longstanding and well-controlled HIV infection and multiple previous pneumothoraces who presented to medical attention with insidious onset of shortness of breath and was diagnosed with vanishing lung syndrome (VLS). The VLS or giant bullous emphysema is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by large bullae, predominantly in the upper lobes, occupying at least one third of the hemithorax and compressing surrounding normal lung parenchyma. It is a progressive disorder that typically occurs in young men, the majority of whom are smokers. As people with HIV/AIDS are now surviving well into middle age and beyond, clinicians are more likely to encounter VLS and severe obstructive lung disease, which are potentially fatal but preventable conditions.

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Etiology of spontaneous pneumothorax in 105 HIV-infected patients without highly active antiretroviral therapy

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Pneumomediastinum in patients with AIDS: a case report and literature review

Pneumomediastinum in patients with AIDS: a case report and literature review

Spontaneous pneumothorax in diffuse cystic lung diseases

Vanishing Lung Syndrome and HIV Infection

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