Etnis Mentawai Dan Kondisi Ketahanan Pangan Lokal Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract

This research aims to describe food security in the Mentawai Ethnic community during the Covid-19 pandemic. The implementation of health protocols resulted in reduced community mobility due to the number of prohibitions and obligations that must be carried out by the community. In the Mentawai ethnic community, it is marked by a decrease in the number of ships used by rice food traders. This condition is expected to strengthen local food security in the Mentawai ethnic community (taro, banana, and sago). This research was conducted in Goiso Oinan Village, one of the villages on Sipora Island, North Sipora District which is approximately 20 km from the capital city of the Mentawai Islands Regency (Tuapejat). This study uses qualitative methods (purposive sampling) and descriptive data analysis by describing the results of ethical analysis and emic analysis and local food security in the Mentawai ethnic community. The result findings indicate that people are aware of local food (taro, banana, and sago). For instance, consumption previous the Covid-19 pandemic ate rice 3 times a day, now it turns into 1 meal of rice and replaces local food in meeting daily needs. There is also a sense of pride in the existence of local food which exceeds the needs of the family.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan ketahanan pangan pada masyarakat Etnis Mentawai pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Implementasi pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan telah mengakibatkan mobilitas masyarakat berkurang karena adanya sejumlah larangan dan kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Pada masyarakat Etnis Mentawai ditandai dengan berkurangnya frekuensi jumlah kapal yang digunakan oleh pedagang sehingga ketersediaan pangan beras menjadi berkurang. Kondisi ini diduga akan memperkuat ketahanan pangan lokal pada masyarakat Etnis Mentawai (keladi, pisang dan sagu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Goiso Oinan, salah satu desa di Pulau Sipora Kecamatan Sipora Utara yang berjarak kurang lebih 20 Km dari ibu kota Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai (Tuapejat). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif (penarikan sampel secara purposive sampling) dan analisis data yang bersifat deskriptif dengan memaparkan hasil analisis etik dan analisis emik serta kaitannya dengan ketahanan pangan lokal pada masyarakat Etnis Mentawai. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pangan lokal (keladi, pisang dan sagu). Contohnya, pola konsumsi sebelum pandemi Covid-19 makan nasi 3 kali sehari, sekarang berubah menjadi 1 kali makan nasi dan diganti mengonsumsi pangan lokal dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Terlihat juga rasa bangga akan keberadaan pangan lokal yang jumlahnya melebihi dari kebutuhan keluarga.

Availability and Pride of Mentawai Ethnic Communities for Local Food on Sipora Island

“…The Mentawai people still maintain local food of the taro type in Goiso Oinan Village because taro is a daily staple food that must be available. Almost all Mentawai people who live in the village of Goiso Oinan have a taro garden because it is to fulfill their daily needs (Mitra & Erwin, 2022). Communities can do many things by using yards to grow plants as food ingredients (Kusmiyati., R. D. A.…”

“…Bananas in the local language of the Mentawai people are called "maghok," which is one of the local foods for the tribe (Mitra & Erwin, 2022). Bananas are one of the plants that have become local food for the Mentawai ethnic community in Goiso Oinan Village, Sipora Island.…”

“…The availability of bananas in the village of Goiso Oinan is greater than the number of people who consume them (Mitra & Erwin, 2022). Since the Mentawai people lived in the town of Goiso Oinan, Pulau Sipora, they have never felt a shortage of food to be consumed daily.…”

“…Sixth, Irwandi & Erwin, (2022)said that the Covid-19 pandemic did not affect the food needs of people in Saumanganya Mentawai village because they could access available local food in their neighborhood. Seventh (Mitra & Erwin, 2022), in their research, said that the Mentawai ethnic community in the village of Goiso Oinan used taro and bananas as their daily staple food, and rice was used as an additional food ingredient.…”