Étude des capacités de définition et d'évocation des mots en fonction de l'age

The attrition of French as a foreign language

“…(1) the deterioration of language skills due to old age (Nyssen & Crahay 1960;Nicholas et al 1982;De Bot & Lintsen 1986); the total extinction of a particular language or language variety: 'language death' (Dorian 1977(Dorian , 1981Dressier & Wodak-Leodolter 1977), and -when L1 is interpreted as a dialect -dialect loss within the dialect community (Schlieben-Lange 1977;Tabouret-Keller & Luckel 1981;Tsitsipis 1981;Hoppenbrouwers 1982;Trudgill 1983;Hagen & Münstermann 1985;Münstermann & Hagen 1986); (2) the native languages of migrants (Campbell 1980;Clyne 1980;Jamieson 1980;Van Vlerken 1980;Galbraith 1981;Stankovski 1982;Stevens 1982;Appel 1983;Gonzo & Saltarelli 1983;Sharwood Smith 1983a, 1983bVerheesen 1984;Boyd 1986;Davies 1986;Py 1986;Sawaie 1986;; the native languages of indigenous minorities (Hill & Hill 1977;Bauman 1980;Haugen et al 1981;Fuller 1982), and dialect loss outside the dialect community (Daan 1969(Daan , 1971(Daan ,1987Veldman 1975;Pauwels 1986); (3) school-learned foreign languages -the subject of this book -and...…”

Subject selection bias in psychological research.

“…Another of these characteristics is age -most of our psychological research is being done with a very young group (age 18-24) when it is well known that such characteristics as intelligence (Wechsler, 1958;Norman and Daley, 1959;), social behaviour (Gollin, 1958;Schaie, 1959;Smith, 1960), and learning ability (Broadbent and Heron, 1962;Shephard and Abbey, 1962;Nyssen and Crahay, 1960;Wimer, I960), change substantially with ^ge. Such students are probably at the peak of their learning and intellectual abilities and this could mean that many findings in learning, especially verbal learning, could be special to the college student with limited applicability to other groups.…”