As earth is the most commonly used construction material in Chad, the purpose of the present study is to characterize it as a whole, and to characterize its thermo physical properties. Various tests were conducted on it and mainly on its thermo-physical characteristics, as these significantly affect the comfort of a house. The study focused on earth taken from a climate zone of Chad, mixed with straw at a given proportion or used alone. Different values of thermal conductivity and diffusivity of these materials as well as their variations in relation with water continence are presented.