Étude préliminaire du traitement d’effluents contenant de l’encre de seiche par centrifugation et procédés à membranes

Abstract

Il s’agit d’une étude préliminaire sur le traitement d’effluents de conditionnement de la seiche avant congélation en vue de réduire la charge polluante des rejets et de valoriser l’encre qu’ils contiennent. Deux types de procédés ont été mis en oeuvre : d’une part, la centrifugation, qui permet de fractionner la suspension d’encre de seiche entre un culot noir à DCO (Demande Chimique en Oxygène) élevée et un surnageant limpide et, d’autre part, l’ultrafiltration (UF) et la microfiltration (MF). Les flux de perméat obtenus par les deux procédés à membranes sont du même ordre de grandeur (25 à 30 L·h‑1·m‑2 sous 1,5 bar). La rétention moyenne en DCO est de 65 % et la rétention en COT (Carbone Organique Total) et azote protéique (NTK) de plus de 95 %. Cependant le colmatage irréversible de la membrane de MF conduit à préférer l’UF, plus facilement régénérable.Industries that condition fish products have to cope with the problem of processing their usually protein-rich wastewaters. An example of such an industry that discards a large amount of wastewater is the CALEMBO Company (Sfax-Tunisia), which uses 50 m3 per metric ton a day to condition cuttlefish for freezing. In order to conserve water, high-salinity bore water is sometimes used. This high salinity water is responsible for the difficulties encountered during the biological treatment of wastewaters and the recovery of valuable by-products. In this respect, membrane processes, used in the treatment and exploitation of effluents from industries that process sea products, are very attractive. The first membrane filtration trials on sea-product effluents date back to the 1980’s, but they did not result in major developments. Legislative pressures and the increasing costs of water and effluent-processing, as well as the improvement of membrane efficiencies, have made membrane treatment processes much more interesting for wastewater treatment processes. The GEPEA Laboratory at Nantes University has carried out research on membrane technologies to clean up polluted process waters, enhance substances such as soluble fish proteins, and to recover substances responsible for the flavour of bivalves and shellfish.This paper presents preliminary research on the treatment and exploitation of water used in cuttlefish conditioning. Treatment processes used include centrifugation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration. Centrifugation is used to determine the distribution of the effluent between the black residue and the clear supernatant, whereas membrane processing is used to reduce wastewater pollution and concentrate pigments.The effluent studied was reconstituted from pure cuttlefish-ink samples taken directly from the animal and salt waters of the same salinity as the bore water used by the CALEMBO Company (Table 1). The samples were reconstituted in ratios of 1 to 50 for centrifugation and 1 to 100 for membrane filtration. Centrifugation trials were carried out using a KR 22i type JOUAN centrifuge, whereas ultrafiltration and microfiltration trials were carried out usin...

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“…During shrimp processing, head, tail and shell could be removed and residues represented approximately 33-65% of the raw material weight and they depended on species and their size (Sachindra and Mahendrakar, 2005;Pacheco et al, 2009). For cephalopods species, cuttlefish by-products (viscera, gonads, beak, skeleton, ink sac, skin, eyes, and gills) presented 30-35% of raw material weight (Aloulou et al, 2006;Le Bihan, 2006). Several studies were conducted to look for potential uses of seafood by-products because they proved that shrimp wastes are a main source of, proteins, chitin, calcium, carotenoid and lipids with a high contents of astaxanthin / ω-3 fatty acid ratio (Sadighara et al, 2014) such as docosahexaenoic acid: DHA and eicosapentaenoique acid: EPA (Babu et al, 2008;Sánchez-Camargo et al, 2011).…”